MICRO 3050 CUMULATIVE FINAL – CLEMSON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025

MICRO 3050 CUMULATIVE FINAL – CLEMSON
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
whatEisEaEmicroorganismE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-anEorganismEtooEsmallEtoEbeEseenEbyEtheEnakedEeye



defineEcellularE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-fitEonEtheEtreeEofElife

areEseenEasE"living"



defineEacellularE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-Viruses,EViroids,EVirusoids,EPrions

notEonEtreeEofElife



defineEprokaryoticE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-noEnucleusE

noEmembraneEboundEorganelles

singleEchromosome



defineEeukaryoticE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-complexEnucleusE

membraneEboundEorganellesE

capableEofEmitosis/meiosis



whatEareEtheE3EdomainsEofElifeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-bacteriaE

archeaE

eukarya



differenceEbetweenEbacteriaEandEarchesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-bacteriaE-EmadeEofEpeptidoglycanE

archeaE-EnoEpeptidoglycan,EdistinctEssuERNAEsequences,EabundantEinEextremeEenvironments

,howEdoEmicrobialEpopulationsEchangeEandEevolve?E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-verticallyE-
EmutationEofEgeneticEmaterial,EnewEgenotypes,EnaturalEselectionE(allEfromEtheirEparents)



horizontallyE-EincreaseEinEdiversityEwithinEtheEsameEgeneration



defineEtheEprokaryoteE"species"E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
groupEofEmicrobesEthatEareEmoreErelatedEtoEotherEmicrobesE

speciesEisEaEcontroversialEterm



whatEisEaEmicrobialEspeciesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
twoEorganismsEthatEcanEmadeEandEhaveEsuccessfulEoffspringEbyEexcualEreproduction



whatsEaEtypeEstrainE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-theEfirstEstrainEisolatedE

mightEnotEbeErepresentativeEofEtheErestEofEtheEspecies



whatEareEKoch'sEpostulatesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
1.ETheEsuspectedEpathogenEmustEbeEpresentEinEallEcasesEofEtheEdiseaseEandEabsentEfromEhealthyEa
nimals.E(findEinEallEsick,EneverEhealthy)

E 2.ETheEsuspectedEpathogenEmustEbeEgrownEinEpureEculture.E(isolateEandEgrowEinEpureEculture)

E3.ECellsEfromEaEpureEcultureEofEtheEsuspectedEpathogenEmustEcauseEdiseasesEinEaEhealthyEanimal.E(
infectEnewEhostEwithEcultureEandEgetEtheEsameEdisease)

4.ETheEsuspectedEpathogenEmustEbeEreisolatedEandEshownEtoEbeEtheEsameEasEtheEoriginal.E(reisola
teEorganism)



whatEareEtheEproblemsEwithEKoch'sEpostulate?E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
1.E90%EofEdiseaseEcausingEpathogensEcan'tEbeEculturedEinEaElab

2.Ethere'sEnoEgoodEanimalEmodelE

3.EaE#EofEpathogensEliveEinEhealthyEpeopleEwithoutEcausingEdiseaseE-Eopportunistic

,compoundElightEmicroscopeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
usesElightEtoEilluminateEspecimensE(brightEfield,EdarkEfield,EphaseEcontrast,Efluorescence)



refractiveEindexE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
aEmeasureEofEhowEgreatlyEaEsubstanceEslowsEtheEvelocityEofElight



directionEandEmagnitudeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
determinedEbeEtheErefractiveEindicesEofEtheEtwoEmediaEformingEtheEinterface.



focalEpointE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-focusesElightErays



focalElengthE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-distanceEbetweenEcenterEofElensEandEfocalEpoint

shorterElengthE=EgreaterEmagnification



parfocalElensE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-staysEinEfocusEwhenEmagnificationEandEfocalElengthEchange



paracentricElensE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
whenEaEspecimenEisEinEtheEcenterEofEtheEmicroscopicEfield,EitEwillEremainEcenteredEwhenEdifferentE
objectiveElensesEareEmovedEintoEtheElightEpath.



totalEmagnificationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-mag.EOfEocularElenseExEmag.EOfEobjectiveElense.



ocularElensE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-multipliesEmagnificationEofEtheEobjectiveElensEbyE10



objectiveElensE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-eachElensEmagnifiesEtheEspecimenE

eachEhasEaEdifferentEmagnifyingEpower

, resolutionE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
abilityEofEaElensEtoEseparateEorEdistinguishEsmallEobjectsEthatEareEcloseEtogether.E

E -formula:ED=0.5EλE/(n(sintheta)

E -smallerEnumeratorE=EbetterEresolutionE

E -biggerEnEvalue,EtheEbetterEtheEresolutionE

E -shorterEwavelengthE=EbetterEresolution



numericalEapertureE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-measureEofElightEgatheringEabilityE(nsintheta)

thetaE-EangleEofElightEcollectedEwhichEisEdeterminedEbyEtheEworkingEdistanceE

moreElightE=EhigherENAE=EbetterEresolution



whatEisEworkingEdistanceE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
distanceEfromEtheEbottomEofEtheEobjectiveElensEtoEtheEtopEofEtheEorganismEbeingEobserved



stageE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-slideEbeingEviewedErestsEuponEit,ElightEpassesEthroughEtheEhole



condenserE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-focusesElightEonEspecimen



courseEadjustmentEknobE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
UsedEforEfocusEonEscanning.EUsuallyEtheElowEpowerElensEisEusedEenablingEtheEmovementEofEtheEtu
be.



fineEadjustmentEknobE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
UsedEforEfocusEonEoil.EMovesEtheEbodyEtubeEforEfocussingEtheEhighEpowerElens.



armE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
ItEsupportsEtheEtubeEofEtheEmicroscopeEandEconnectsEtoEtheEbaseEofEtheEmicroscope.