Anatomy of Respiratory System Complete Study Guide Summary

ST. XAVIERS CATHOLIC COLLEGE OF NURING, CHUNKANKADAI

Anatomy of Respiratory System Complete Study Guide Summary



ANATOMY OF
RESPIRATORY
SYSTE

M




SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO

J.ASIR DHAYANI Dr.REENA EVANCY Phd(N)

NURSING TUTOR PRINCIPAL




TERMINOLOGIES
1. ANTRUM A cavity or chamber in the maxillary sinus and is the largest of the paranasal sinuses.
2. NASAL CAVITY Two hollow spaces lined with mucous membrane and have a rich blood supply.

,3. NASAL SEPTUM Wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two hollow spaces.
4. NOSE Structure in which air enters.
5. SINUSES Cavities on the skull that surround the nasal area.
6. NASAL VESTIBULE The space contained within the flexible tissues of the nose.
7. HARD PALATE The bony part of the roof of the mouth.
8. PLEURAE Covering for lungs and intestinal organs.
9. PLEURAL CAVITY Potential space between the lungs and chest wall.
10. ADAM’S APPLE(LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE)Lump or protrusion that is formed by the
angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx.
11. ALVEOLAR DUCTS The part of the respiratory passage beyond the respiratory bronchioles from
which the alveolar sacs and alveoli arise.
12. ALVEOLI (RESPIRATORY UNIT) An air wall of the lungs, formed by the terminal dilation of
tiny air passages.
13. BRONCHIOLES Small airways extending the bronchi into the lobes of the lungs.
14. CILIA Tiny hair like structures that moves mucous and dust through the esophagus.
15. CRICOID CARTILAGE The ring-shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx.
16. CARINA The point, at which the trachea splits, causes intense coughing when stimulated by a
suction catheter.
17. DIAPHRAGM The musculomembranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
18. SOFT PALATE A muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking.
19. MEDIASTINUM It is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, the aorta, part
of the windpipe and the esophagus.
20. HEMOGLOBIN It is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
21. HILUM Midline region where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and exit the lungs.
22. SURFACTANT Surface acting material responsible for lowering the surface tension of a fluid.
23. BENDS OR CAISSON’S DISEASE Disease of the divers due to the excessive accumulation of
nitrogen in the blood.
24. OTORHINOLARINGOLOGY It is the branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis and
treatment of the diseases of the ears, nose and throat(ENT)
25. PULMONOLOGIST A pulmonologist is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of
the lungs.




STRUCTURE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Respiratory system is required for taking in air which contains oxygen and breathing out carbon-
dioxide which is the waste product of metabolic processes occurring in the body.

,PARTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system is divided into two parts.
 Upper Respiratory Tract
 Lower Respiratory Tract

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

The organs of upper tract are located outside the chest cavity. They include

 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

The organs of lower tract are located inside the chest cavity. They include

• Trachea
• Two bronchi(one bronchus to each lung)
• Bronchioles and smaller air passages (small bronchi,bronchiole,alveoli)
• Two lungs and their coverings(pleura)
• Muscles of Respiration
 The intercostals muscles
 Diaphragm

, UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY
NOSE
 First respiratory organ.
 Pyramidal shaped structure.
 Apex pointing towards forehead base pointing near mouth.
 Openings of the nose on the face are known as anterior nasal apertures (anterior nares).It
leads to nasal cavities.
 It is divided by a median partition, the nasal septum into two nasal cavities.




EXTERNAL PORTION

 The nose has a prominent ridge separating the right and left halves called the dorsum.