NUR 211 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
NREM Stage 3/4 ANSW✅✅heart and respiratory rates drop 20-30% below normal what is
exhibited during waking hours, difficult to arouse, Sleepwalking/talking, night terrors, no eye or
muscle movement, if awakened sleeper may be groggy, peak of growth hormone secretion
REM Sleep ANSW✅✅rapid eye movements, vivid full color dreaming, brain filters stored
information about the day's activities, 20% of time for adults and 50% of time for infants
Adult sleep cycle ANSW✅✅NREM Stage 1 -> NREM Stage 2 -> NREM Stage 3 -> NREM Stage 4 ->
NREM Stage 3 -> NREM Stage 2 -> REM -> NREM Stage 2
Circadian Rhythms ANSW✅✅most familiar of biological rhythms, includes the sleep/wake cycle,
body temperature, blood pressure, and many other physiological functions
Factors affecting sleep ANSW✅✅Age, physical illness, anxiety/emotional stress, environment,
lifestyle, diet, exercise and fatigue, medications, alcohol and stimulants
Insomnia ANSW✅✅the inability to fall asleep of remain asleep
Acute insomnia ANSW✅✅lasts one to several nights and is often caused by personal stressors
and/or worry
Chronic-intermittent insomnia ANSW✅✅difficulty sleeping for a few nights, followed by a few
nights of adequate sleep before the problem returns
Sleep ANSW✅✅a basic human need, a universal biological process common to all people
Somnology ANSW✅✅the study of sleep
Benefits of Sleep ANSW✅✅helps people cope with daily stressors, prevents fatigue, conserves
energy, facilitates healing of damaged tissue wounds, restores mind and body
,Phases of Sleep ANSW✅✅NREM
REM
NREM ANSW✅✅non-rapid eye movement (stages 1-4)
REM ANSW✅✅rapid eye movement
NREM: Stage 1 ANSW✅✅Very light, only lasts a few minutes
NREM Stage 2 ANSW✅✅Light sleep, lasts 10-15 minutes, eye movements stop & brain waves
slow
Risk factors for insomnia ANSW✅✅Older age, being a woman (hormonal changes)
Treatment for Insomnia ANSW✅✅Behavioral modification, prescription medication, OTC
medication
Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD) ANSW✅✅a condition that affects people whose sleep-wake
and lifestyle demands are out of sync with their circadian rhythms (graveyard shift workers)
Narcolepsy ANSW✅✅a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness caused by the lack of the
chemical hypocretin in the area of the central nervous system that regulates sleep
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) ANSW✅✅a familial disorder causing an unpleasant crawling,
prickling, or tingling sensation in the legs and feet and an urge to move them for relief
Sleep Apnea ANSW✅✅characterized by frequent pauses in breathing which can last from 10
seconds to 2 minutes
Obstructive apnea ANSW✅✅occurs when the structures of the pharynx or oral cavity block the
flow of air
Central apnea ANSW✅✅is thought to involve a defect in the respiratory center of the brain
,Mixed apnea ANSW✅✅a combination of central and obstructive apnea
Symptoms of Sleep Apnea ANSW✅✅Loud snoring, frequent nocturnal awakening, excessive
daytime sleepiness, difficulties falling asleep at night, morning headaches, memory of cognitive
problems, irritability, loss of functioning, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attack and
stroke
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ANSW✅✅a nasal devise that is used at the client's
sleep time to help maintain an open airway
Insufficient Sleep ANSW✅✅a decrease in the quality and quantity of sleep, as well as
inconsistency in the timing of sleep
Causes of insufficient sleep ANSW✅✅Illness, emotional stress, medications, environmental
disturbances, variability in the timing of sleep due to shift work
S&S of insufficient sleep ANSW✅✅slowed response time, blurred vision, ptosis, decreased
reasoning/judgement, decreased alertness, increased sensitivity to pain, confusion, irritability,
excessive sleepiness, hyperactive
Parasomnias ANSW✅✅a cluster of waking behaviors that may interfere with sleep
Polysomnography ANSW✅✅sleep lab
Insomnia Interventions ANSW✅✅create relaxing environment (temp, noise, light, odor), provide
uninterrupted periods for sleep, promote comfort, ensure appropriate nutrition, control
physiological disturbances, initiate pharmacological interventions if ordered
Insomnia Client Teaching ANSW✅✅avoid physically or intellectually stimulating activities one
hour before bedtime, exercise 20-30 minutes a day 5-6 hours before bedtime, establish bedtime
rituals, sleep until sunlight, practice relaxation techniques, don't watch TV study or talk on the phone
in bed, don't lie in bed awake, control the room temperature, avoid EtOH, spicy foods, heavy meals
& caffeine several hours before bedtime
, Infection ANSW✅✅the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting
in disease
Colonization ANSW✅✅the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without
tissue invasion or damage
Communicable disease ANSW✅✅direct transmission of an infectious disease from one person to
another
Symptomatic ANSW✅✅an infection in which pathogens have multiples causing clinical signs and
symptoms (may have: pain, redness/erythema, swelling/edema, warmth at the site of infection,
febrile/fever, pus type/purulent drainage)
Asymptomatic ANSW✅✅an illness with no clinical signs or symptoms present
Chain of Infection ANSW✅✅Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of exit
Port of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious Agent ANSW✅✅microorganisms to include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that
have the potential to cause disease
Reservoir ANSW✅✅a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a
susceptible host.
Common reservoirs are humans and animals. Human reservoirs are divided into two types: those
with acute or symptomatic disease and those who show no signs of disease but are carriers of it
Port of Exit ANSW✅✅site of exit for microorganisms such as blood, skin, mucous membranes,
respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and transplacental (mother fetus)
Direct contact ANSW✅✅person to person (fecal, oral) physical contact between source
susceptible
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
NREM Stage 3/4 ANSW✅✅heart and respiratory rates drop 20-30% below normal what is
exhibited during waking hours, difficult to arouse, Sleepwalking/talking, night terrors, no eye or
muscle movement, if awakened sleeper may be groggy, peak of growth hormone secretion
REM Sleep ANSW✅✅rapid eye movements, vivid full color dreaming, brain filters stored
information about the day's activities, 20% of time for adults and 50% of time for infants
Adult sleep cycle ANSW✅✅NREM Stage 1 -> NREM Stage 2 -> NREM Stage 3 -> NREM Stage 4 ->
NREM Stage 3 -> NREM Stage 2 -> REM -> NREM Stage 2
Circadian Rhythms ANSW✅✅most familiar of biological rhythms, includes the sleep/wake cycle,
body temperature, blood pressure, and many other physiological functions
Factors affecting sleep ANSW✅✅Age, physical illness, anxiety/emotional stress, environment,
lifestyle, diet, exercise and fatigue, medications, alcohol and stimulants
Insomnia ANSW✅✅the inability to fall asleep of remain asleep
Acute insomnia ANSW✅✅lasts one to several nights and is often caused by personal stressors
and/or worry
Chronic-intermittent insomnia ANSW✅✅difficulty sleeping for a few nights, followed by a few
nights of adequate sleep before the problem returns
Sleep ANSW✅✅a basic human need, a universal biological process common to all people
Somnology ANSW✅✅the study of sleep
Benefits of Sleep ANSW✅✅helps people cope with daily stressors, prevents fatigue, conserves
energy, facilitates healing of damaged tissue wounds, restores mind and body
,Phases of Sleep ANSW✅✅NREM
REM
NREM ANSW✅✅non-rapid eye movement (stages 1-4)
REM ANSW✅✅rapid eye movement
NREM: Stage 1 ANSW✅✅Very light, only lasts a few minutes
NREM Stage 2 ANSW✅✅Light sleep, lasts 10-15 minutes, eye movements stop & brain waves
slow
Risk factors for insomnia ANSW✅✅Older age, being a woman (hormonal changes)
Treatment for Insomnia ANSW✅✅Behavioral modification, prescription medication, OTC
medication
Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD) ANSW✅✅a condition that affects people whose sleep-wake
and lifestyle demands are out of sync with their circadian rhythms (graveyard shift workers)
Narcolepsy ANSW✅✅a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness caused by the lack of the
chemical hypocretin in the area of the central nervous system that regulates sleep
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) ANSW✅✅a familial disorder causing an unpleasant crawling,
prickling, or tingling sensation in the legs and feet and an urge to move them for relief
Sleep Apnea ANSW✅✅characterized by frequent pauses in breathing which can last from 10
seconds to 2 minutes
Obstructive apnea ANSW✅✅occurs when the structures of the pharynx or oral cavity block the
flow of air
Central apnea ANSW✅✅is thought to involve a defect in the respiratory center of the brain
,Mixed apnea ANSW✅✅a combination of central and obstructive apnea
Symptoms of Sleep Apnea ANSW✅✅Loud snoring, frequent nocturnal awakening, excessive
daytime sleepiness, difficulties falling asleep at night, morning headaches, memory of cognitive
problems, irritability, loss of functioning, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attack and
stroke
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ANSW✅✅a nasal devise that is used at the client's
sleep time to help maintain an open airway
Insufficient Sleep ANSW✅✅a decrease in the quality and quantity of sleep, as well as
inconsistency in the timing of sleep
Causes of insufficient sleep ANSW✅✅Illness, emotional stress, medications, environmental
disturbances, variability in the timing of sleep due to shift work
S&S of insufficient sleep ANSW✅✅slowed response time, blurred vision, ptosis, decreased
reasoning/judgement, decreased alertness, increased sensitivity to pain, confusion, irritability,
excessive sleepiness, hyperactive
Parasomnias ANSW✅✅a cluster of waking behaviors that may interfere with sleep
Polysomnography ANSW✅✅sleep lab
Insomnia Interventions ANSW✅✅create relaxing environment (temp, noise, light, odor), provide
uninterrupted periods for sleep, promote comfort, ensure appropriate nutrition, control
physiological disturbances, initiate pharmacological interventions if ordered
Insomnia Client Teaching ANSW✅✅avoid physically or intellectually stimulating activities one
hour before bedtime, exercise 20-30 minutes a day 5-6 hours before bedtime, establish bedtime
rituals, sleep until sunlight, practice relaxation techniques, don't watch TV study or talk on the phone
in bed, don't lie in bed awake, control the room temperature, avoid EtOH, spicy foods, heavy meals
& caffeine several hours before bedtime
, Infection ANSW✅✅the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting
in disease
Colonization ANSW✅✅the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without
tissue invasion or damage
Communicable disease ANSW✅✅direct transmission of an infectious disease from one person to
another
Symptomatic ANSW✅✅an infection in which pathogens have multiples causing clinical signs and
symptoms (may have: pain, redness/erythema, swelling/edema, warmth at the site of infection,
febrile/fever, pus type/purulent drainage)
Asymptomatic ANSW✅✅an illness with no clinical signs or symptoms present
Chain of Infection ANSW✅✅Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of exit
Port of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious Agent ANSW✅✅microorganisms to include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that
have the potential to cause disease
Reservoir ANSW✅✅a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a
susceptible host.
Common reservoirs are humans and animals. Human reservoirs are divided into two types: those
with acute or symptomatic disease and those who show no signs of disease but are carriers of it
Port of Exit ANSW✅✅site of exit for microorganisms such as blood, skin, mucous membranes,
respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and transplacental (mother fetus)
Direct contact ANSW✅✅person to person (fecal, oral) physical contact between source
susceptible
