NUR 211 EXAM ONE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Symptoms of ALL ANSW✅✅More CNS involvement than other leukemias, cranial nerve palsies,
and meningeal issues such as visual problems. other than that the usual s/s like bleeding, infection,
pain in the liver and spleen and s/s of anemia
What are the cellular changes that happen during leukemia ANSW✅✅WBC increase but are
useless because they are immature, normal cells decrease over time, Extra WBC causes liver and
spleen enlargement because of buildup. can cause blocked blood flow d/t leukostasis.
What is CML ANSW✅✅Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, very rare in children, cells won't die causing
cell buildup (SLPENOMEGALY)
Labs: Philadelphia chromosome in 90-95%, WBC will be over 50K or less than 5K, and neutropenia
ANP less than 1.5
CML symptoms and treatment ANSW✅✅Symptoms, there usually aren't any early on, but there
might be some B symptoms present, especially night sweats but also weight loss.
Treatment includes: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and HSCT.
What is CLL ANSW✅✅Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, similar to CML in many aspects except for
the impaired T-cell functioning.
Labs: high WBC, low ANP, low platelets
Symptoms and treatment of CLL ANSW✅✅Symptoms are similar to CML, might not have any,
however the impaired T-cell functioning can lead to massive tumors and infection that can pinch
nerves and cause paralysis.
This increases risk for other cancers.
Treatments: IVIG (immunoglobulin aka immune system), HSCT, TREAT EARLY.
, What are the different types of remission, also, what is remission defined as. ANSW✅✅Complete:
no trace
Molecular: very little, studies are negative
Minimal: only detected by molecular testing
Partial: still in bone marrow
remission means the symptoms are gone not necessarily the cancer as well.
What are the types of chemotherapy ANSW✅✅Induction: aggressive, hospitalization, kills all cells
Post-induction: Intensified, when induction don't work
Post-remission: After remission is achieved, killing the rest
Maintenance: Weeks to years, low dose
CNS Prophylaxis: Given at all stages, intrathecal
What are some common Chemo agents ANSW✅✅Hydroxyurea: oral used for CML and sickle cell
anemia
Methotrexate: oral, IV, IM, puts a lot of stress on liver so no alcohol
Cytarabine: IV or IT for AML
NEVER GIVE ANY TO PREGNANT OR LACTATING WOMEN
What are some nursing considerations for patients with leukemia ANSW✅✅Watch for bleeding
and infection, education, pain management, as well as maintaining fluid and electrolytes.
Immunizations, psych, atraumatic care for meds,
Nutrition: increased metabolic demand, nausea, and take supplements.
What is MDS ANSW✅✅Myelodysplastic syndrome, a disorder of myeloid stem cells, may evolve
to AML (30%), normal cells do not function well.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Symptoms of ALL ANSW✅✅More CNS involvement than other leukemias, cranial nerve palsies,
and meningeal issues such as visual problems. other than that the usual s/s like bleeding, infection,
pain in the liver and spleen and s/s of anemia
What are the cellular changes that happen during leukemia ANSW✅✅WBC increase but are
useless because they are immature, normal cells decrease over time, Extra WBC causes liver and
spleen enlargement because of buildup. can cause blocked blood flow d/t leukostasis.
What is CML ANSW✅✅Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, very rare in children, cells won't die causing
cell buildup (SLPENOMEGALY)
Labs: Philadelphia chromosome in 90-95%, WBC will be over 50K or less than 5K, and neutropenia
ANP less than 1.5
CML symptoms and treatment ANSW✅✅Symptoms, there usually aren't any early on, but there
might be some B symptoms present, especially night sweats but also weight loss.
Treatment includes: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and HSCT.
What is CLL ANSW✅✅Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, similar to CML in many aspects except for
the impaired T-cell functioning.
Labs: high WBC, low ANP, low platelets
Symptoms and treatment of CLL ANSW✅✅Symptoms are similar to CML, might not have any,
however the impaired T-cell functioning can lead to massive tumors and infection that can pinch
nerves and cause paralysis.
This increases risk for other cancers.
Treatments: IVIG (immunoglobulin aka immune system), HSCT, TREAT EARLY.
, What are the different types of remission, also, what is remission defined as. ANSW✅✅Complete:
no trace
Molecular: very little, studies are negative
Minimal: only detected by molecular testing
Partial: still in bone marrow
remission means the symptoms are gone not necessarily the cancer as well.
What are the types of chemotherapy ANSW✅✅Induction: aggressive, hospitalization, kills all cells
Post-induction: Intensified, when induction don't work
Post-remission: After remission is achieved, killing the rest
Maintenance: Weeks to years, low dose
CNS Prophylaxis: Given at all stages, intrathecal
What are some common Chemo agents ANSW✅✅Hydroxyurea: oral used for CML and sickle cell
anemia
Methotrexate: oral, IV, IM, puts a lot of stress on liver so no alcohol
Cytarabine: IV or IT for AML
NEVER GIVE ANY TO PREGNANT OR LACTATING WOMEN
What are some nursing considerations for patients with leukemia ANSW✅✅Watch for bleeding
and infection, education, pain management, as well as maintaining fluid and electrolytes.
Immunizations, psych, atraumatic care for meds,
Nutrition: increased metabolic demand, nausea, and take supplements.
What is MDS ANSW✅✅Myelodysplastic syndrome, a disorder of myeloid stem cells, may evolve
to AML (30%), normal cells do not function well.
