N460 - EXAM 5 (Immune I & II) WVU
Study Guide Exam And Actual Answers.
What is the overall purpose of the immune system? - Answer To distinguish "self" from
"nonself"
How does the body know "the self"? - Answer WBCs tell us
What are the 3 main problems that can occur to the immune system? (And give examples) -
Answer Immune system doesn't work (AIDS/Chemo/Radiation - Immunosuppressed pts)
Autoimmune diseases (T1DM, RA, MS - Immune system attacks itself)
Immune system goes overboard (Anaphylaxis)
Who is considered immunosuppressed? - Answer Chemotherapy pt's
Young babies
Older populations
WBCs are a product of? - Answer Bone marrow
Normal WBC count? - Answer 5-10
What are bands? - Answer Immature neutrophils
What are PMNs? - Answer Most common WBC
Crucial for fighting bacterial infections
PMNs are crucial for fighting what? - Answer Bacterial infections
,When would you see increased monocytes? - Answer Viral infections
What is AIDS caused by? - Answer Retrovirus (HIV)
Affects *both* cellular and humoral immunity
About how many children become HIV+ every day? - Answer 1,000
What must HIV invade to reproduce? - Answer T Lymphocytes
The virus must enter into our cell to reproduce
What two enzymes are crucial to the HIV replication process? - Answer Reverse transcriptase
and protease
The human cell dies in the process.
End up with more HIV and less of our own cells
CD4 begins to decrease
What happens to CD4 levels as HIV cells increase? - Answer Decreases
How is HIV transmitted? - Answer Unprotected sexual contact, blood/blood products,
pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding.
What fluids are associated with HIV transmission? - Answer Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast
milk
What s/sx would you see in an Acute HIV infection? - Answer Mild symptoms (Few weeks after
infection)
Fever, HA, sore throat, rash, malaise
*High viral load = high rate of passing the virus onto other*
, Is symptomatic HIV = AIDS? - Answer NO
When do you know if HIV has progressed into AIDS? - Answer When you begin to develop
opportunistic infections and CD4 count < 200
What are AIDS defining characteristics? - Answer *If you are HIV+ and have one of these, you
have AIDS*
*CD4 count < 200*
Esophageal candidiasis
CMV/PCP/MAC (Cytomegalovirus/Pneumonia)
Cervical CA
Toxoplasmosis Encephalitis
Wasting Syndrome
TB
What is Wasting Syndrome? - Answer When you lose ~10% body weight without reason
What is PCP and who does it cause issues in? - Answer Pneumocystis Pneumonia - an atypical
fungus
It does not cause problems in people with a healthy immune system
What tests are available to diagnose HIV? - Answer ELISA and western blot
Which test is better to diagnose HIV? - Answer Western blot
What is an ELISA test? - Answer Used to dx HIV
Cheap, quick, but *false positive is possible*
+infected, but early may yield negative result*
Study Guide Exam And Actual Answers.
What is the overall purpose of the immune system? - Answer To distinguish "self" from
"nonself"
How does the body know "the self"? - Answer WBCs tell us
What are the 3 main problems that can occur to the immune system? (And give examples) -
Answer Immune system doesn't work (AIDS/Chemo/Radiation - Immunosuppressed pts)
Autoimmune diseases (T1DM, RA, MS - Immune system attacks itself)
Immune system goes overboard (Anaphylaxis)
Who is considered immunosuppressed? - Answer Chemotherapy pt's
Young babies
Older populations
WBCs are a product of? - Answer Bone marrow
Normal WBC count? - Answer 5-10
What are bands? - Answer Immature neutrophils
What are PMNs? - Answer Most common WBC
Crucial for fighting bacterial infections
PMNs are crucial for fighting what? - Answer Bacterial infections
,When would you see increased monocytes? - Answer Viral infections
What is AIDS caused by? - Answer Retrovirus (HIV)
Affects *both* cellular and humoral immunity
About how many children become HIV+ every day? - Answer 1,000
What must HIV invade to reproduce? - Answer T Lymphocytes
The virus must enter into our cell to reproduce
What two enzymes are crucial to the HIV replication process? - Answer Reverse transcriptase
and protease
The human cell dies in the process.
End up with more HIV and less of our own cells
CD4 begins to decrease
What happens to CD4 levels as HIV cells increase? - Answer Decreases
How is HIV transmitted? - Answer Unprotected sexual contact, blood/blood products,
pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding.
What fluids are associated with HIV transmission? - Answer Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast
milk
What s/sx would you see in an Acute HIV infection? - Answer Mild symptoms (Few weeks after
infection)
Fever, HA, sore throat, rash, malaise
*High viral load = high rate of passing the virus onto other*
, Is symptomatic HIV = AIDS? - Answer NO
When do you know if HIV has progressed into AIDS? - Answer When you begin to develop
opportunistic infections and CD4 count < 200
What are AIDS defining characteristics? - Answer *If you are HIV+ and have one of these, you
have AIDS*
*CD4 count < 200*
Esophageal candidiasis
CMV/PCP/MAC (Cytomegalovirus/Pneumonia)
Cervical CA
Toxoplasmosis Encephalitis
Wasting Syndrome
TB
What is Wasting Syndrome? - Answer When you lose ~10% body weight without reason
What is PCP and who does it cause issues in? - Answer Pneumocystis Pneumonia - an atypical
fungus
It does not cause problems in people with a healthy immune system
What tests are available to diagnose HIV? - Answer ELISA and western blot
Which test is better to diagnose HIV? - Answer Western blot
What is an ELISA test? - Answer Used to dx HIV
Cheap, quick, but *false positive is possible*
+infected, but early may yield negative result*
