FORENSIC SCIENCE: EXAM 1:
CHAPTERS 1-4
Hypothesis correct answersa testable answer
"Quincy Effect" correct answers"CSI
Effect" Lying correct answersthe cardinal
sin of science
Victor Balthazard (1852-1950) correct answersfirst forensic scientist to
attempt to match a bullet to a weapon; helped advance fingerprinting,
ballistics, and hair analysis
Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914) correct answers"Father of Criminal
Identification"; developed Anthropometry; accidentally was the first to
solve a case with fingerprinting
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) correct answerscousin of Darwin; created
hard method for fingerprinting; coined the "Galton Ridge"
Calvin Goddard (1891-1955) correct answers"Father of Ballistics"; created
hard method for firearm identification; used this method on the St.
Valentine's Day Massacre (1929)
Hans Gross (1847-1915) correct answers"Father of Forensic Publications";
coined "Criminalistics," the forensic analysis of physical evidence;
published the first textbook in forensic science
Edmond Locard (1877-1966) correct answersdeveloped "Locard's Exchange
Principle"; first to establish a forensic lab in France
Locard's Exchange Principle correct answers"every contact leaves a trace"
Mathieu Orfila (1787-1853) correct answers"Father of Toxicology"; used his
methods on the famous Marie Lafarge case (1839)
"CSI Effect" correct answersthe phenomenon in which TV shows such as
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation have influenced public perception of
criminal justice and forensic science
Sherlock Holmes (1887-1997) correct answersSir Arthur Conan Doyle's
fictional character; popularized forensic science to the general public;
introduced techniques that were later adopted by forensic scientists;
influenced Hans Gross and Edmond Locard, particularly in forensic chemistry
, "Sherlock Holmes Test" correct answersthe process of detecting the
presence of blood by reacting the stain with hemoglobin
What is the limitation of the Sherlock Holmes Test? correct
answerscorpuscles can only be detected in fresh stains; once the blood
dries, the cells lyse and can no longer be microscoped
Do crime scene investigators analyze evidence? correct answersCSIs
COLLECT evidence; they do not analyze
Do forensic analysts collect evidence? correct answersforensic analysts and
related lab personnel are almost NEVER on-scene; they analyze evidence
that has been collected by CSIs
What is the relationship between Law and Science? correct answerslaw is
outcome- based and runs on the adversarial system; science is data-based
and runs on the scientific method; facts are uncovered in lab, and legal
explanation is handled in court
What is the adversarial system? correct answersthe method by which
court decisions are made; two rival positions arguing for acceptance
What is the scientific method? correct answersthe empirical system
of acquiring knowledge
What SHOULD forensic science do? correct answers(1. distinguish
evidence from coincidence
(2. allow for multiple results that can be compared
and ranked (3. allow for both probability and certainty
(4. disallow outlandish
hypotheses (5. go from
general to specific
(6. test and break down
hypotheses
How is certainty measured? correct answerscertainty is measured by
justification by: (a. showing that the explanation is justified
(b. showing that the explanation is BETTER justified than any other
explanation
Contrite Fallibilism correct answerscoined by Charles Sanders Pierce; an
awareness of how much we don't know and the humility to acknowledge
mistakes
What should be the mindset of a forensic scientist? correct answersto be not
too sure of the uncertain and not too uncertain of the truth
What is the difference between public and private labs? correct
answerspublic labs are funded counties, cities, and states; private labs are
funded by individuals for profit
CHAPTERS 1-4
Hypothesis correct answersa testable answer
"Quincy Effect" correct answers"CSI
Effect" Lying correct answersthe cardinal
sin of science
Victor Balthazard (1852-1950) correct answersfirst forensic scientist to
attempt to match a bullet to a weapon; helped advance fingerprinting,
ballistics, and hair analysis
Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914) correct answers"Father of Criminal
Identification"; developed Anthropometry; accidentally was the first to
solve a case with fingerprinting
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) correct answerscousin of Darwin; created
hard method for fingerprinting; coined the "Galton Ridge"
Calvin Goddard (1891-1955) correct answers"Father of Ballistics"; created
hard method for firearm identification; used this method on the St.
Valentine's Day Massacre (1929)
Hans Gross (1847-1915) correct answers"Father of Forensic Publications";
coined "Criminalistics," the forensic analysis of physical evidence;
published the first textbook in forensic science
Edmond Locard (1877-1966) correct answersdeveloped "Locard's Exchange
Principle"; first to establish a forensic lab in France
Locard's Exchange Principle correct answers"every contact leaves a trace"
Mathieu Orfila (1787-1853) correct answers"Father of Toxicology"; used his
methods on the famous Marie Lafarge case (1839)
"CSI Effect" correct answersthe phenomenon in which TV shows such as
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation have influenced public perception of
criminal justice and forensic science
Sherlock Holmes (1887-1997) correct answersSir Arthur Conan Doyle's
fictional character; popularized forensic science to the general public;
introduced techniques that were later adopted by forensic scientists;
influenced Hans Gross and Edmond Locard, particularly in forensic chemistry
, "Sherlock Holmes Test" correct answersthe process of detecting the
presence of blood by reacting the stain with hemoglobin
What is the limitation of the Sherlock Holmes Test? correct
answerscorpuscles can only be detected in fresh stains; once the blood
dries, the cells lyse and can no longer be microscoped
Do crime scene investigators analyze evidence? correct answersCSIs
COLLECT evidence; they do not analyze
Do forensic analysts collect evidence? correct answersforensic analysts and
related lab personnel are almost NEVER on-scene; they analyze evidence
that has been collected by CSIs
What is the relationship between Law and Science? correct answerslaw is
outcome- based and runs on the adversarial system; science is data-based
and runs on the scientific method; facts are uncovered in lab, and legal
explanation is handled in court
What is the adversarial system? correct answersthe method by which
court decisions are made; two rival positions arguing for acceptance
What is the scientific method? correct answersthe empirical system
of acquiring knowledge
What SHOULD forensic science do? correct answers(1. distinguish
evidence from coincidence
(2. allow for multiple results that can be compared
and ranked (3. allow for both probability and certainty
(4. disallow outlandish
hypotheses (5. go from
general to specific
(6. test and break down
hypotheses
How is certainty measured? correct answerscertainty is measured by
justification by: (a. showing that the explanation is justified
(b. showing that the explanation is BETTER justified than any other
explanation
Contrite Fallibilism correct answerscoined by Charles Sanders Pierce; an
awareness of how much we don't know and the humility to acknowledge
mistakes
What should be the mindset of a forensic scientist? correct answersto be not
too sure of the uncertain and not too uncertain of the truth
What is the difference between public and private labs? correct
answerspublic labs are funded counties, cities, and states; private labs are
funded by individuals for profit
