Notes
1. Register Organization
The 8088/8086 contains a sophisticated set of internal registers that are crucial for program
execution and data handling.
● Data Registers
○ AX (Accumulator) - Primary arithmetic operations
○ BX (Base) - Memory addressing
○ CX (Counter) - Loop and string operations
○ DX (Data) - I/O operations and multiplication/division
Pointer and Index Registers
● SP (Stack Pointer) - Top of stack
● BP (Base Pointer) - Stack frame reference
● SI (Source Index) - String operations source
● DI (Destination Index) - String operations destination
2. Segment Registers
Registe Purpose Usage
r
CS Code Instruction fetching
Segment
DS Data Segment Variable access
SS Stack Stack operations
Segment
ES Extra Segment Additional data storage
3. Flag Register
Status Flags
● Carry (CF)
● Zero (ZF)
● Sign (SF)