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Summary The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors - Microprocessor Systems and Interfacing (EEE342)

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8088/8086 Programming Model - Study Notes | Assembly Language & Microprocessor Architecture This detailed study guide covers Chapter 2: 8088/8086 Programming Model from Triebel’s The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors. It provides a structured breakdown of the register organization, memory segmentation, addressing modes, stack operations, and instruction formats, making it an essential resource for students studying microprocessor architecture and assembly language programming. Key Topics Covered: 8088/8086 Register Organization – Includes data registers, pointer/index registers, and segment registers with their roles and functions. Segment Registers & Memory Segmentation – Explains CS, DS, SS, ES and how memory is accessed using segmentation. Flag Register & CPU Status Flags – Covers carry flag (CF), zero flag (ZF), overflow flag (OF), and control flags for efficient programming. Memory Addressing Modes – Direct, indirect, based, indexed, and string addressing for effective data handling. Stack Operations – PUSH, POP, CALL, RET and the LIFO (Last In, First Out) stack structure used in function calls. Instruction Format & Data Types – Breakdown of opcodes, ModR/M bytes, displacement, and immediate data handling. Memory Organization – Differentiation between code, data, stack, and extra segments in assembly programming. Perfect for: Computer Science & Electrical Engineering students studying assembly programming, microprocessor design, and low-level programming. Those preparing for microprocessor exams, technical interviews, or projects involving embedded systems. Anyone looking to master x86 assembly language and understand CPU architecture in depth. Bonus: Includes practical insights and exam tips for mastering register usage and memory addressing techniques. Optimize your microprocessor learning with this structured, easy-to-follow guide!

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Chapter 2: 8088/8086 Programming Model - Study
Notes


1. Register Organization
The 8088/8086 contains a sophisticated set of internal registers that are crucial for program
execution and data handling.

●​ Data Registers
○​ AX (Accumulator) - Primary arithmetic operations
○​ BX (Base) - Memory addressing
○​ CX (Counter) - Loop and string operations
○​ DX (Data) - I/O operations and multiplication/division

Pointer and Index Registers

●​ SP (Stack Pointer) - Top of stack
●​ BP (Base Pointer) - Stack frame reference
●​ SI (Source Index) - String operations source
●​ DI (Destination Index) - String operations destination


2. Segment Registers
Registe Purpose Usage
r

CS Code Instruction fetching
Segment

DS Data Segment Variable access

SS Stack Stack operations
Segment

ES Extra Segment Additional data storage


3. Flag Register
Status Flags

●​ Carry (CF)
●​ Zero (ZF)
●​ Sign (SF)
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