AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy :
Biology Paper 1 Questions and Answers.
Name the two types of cells - (correct answer) - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
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What is a prokaryotic cell? - (correct answer) - A cell without a nucleus
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Give an example of a prokaryote (Prokaryotic cell) - (correct answer) - Bacteria
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What is a eukaryotic cell? - (correct answer) - cell with a nucleus
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Give two examples of eukaryotic cells - (correct answer) - Plant & Animal cells
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What three sub-cellular structures do plant cells have which animal cells do not? - (correct answer) -
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Permanent vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts
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What is the function of the nucleus? - (correct answer) -
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Contains genetic materials that controls the activities of the cell
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What is the function of the cytoplasm? - (correct answer) - A gel-
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like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these reacti
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ons
What is the function of the cell membrane? - (correct answer) -
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Holds the cell together and controls the passage of substances
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What is the function of the mitochondria? - (correct answer) -
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These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy th
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at the cell needs to work
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What is the function of the ribosome? - (correct answer) -
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These are were proteins are made in the cell through protein synthesis
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What is the function of the cell wall? - (correct answer) - To strengthen and support the cell
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What is the function of the vacuole? - (correct answer) -
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Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts), it keeps the cell turgid
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What is the function of the chloroplast? - (correct answer) -
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This is where photosynthesis takes place, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substanc
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e called chlorophyll which absorbs the light required for photosynthesis
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
,What do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus? - (correct answer) -
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A single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm, and some may also contain one or mor
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
e small rings of DNA called plasmids.
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How many mm are in um? - (correct answer) - 1000
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What do light microscopes use to work? - (correct answer) -
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Light and lenses to form an image of a specimen. They let us see individual cells and large sub cellular stru
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ctures such as nuclei tr tr tr
What is the formula triangle for magnification? - (correct answer) -
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What do electron microscopes use to work? - (correct answer) -
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Electrons instead of light to form an image. They have a much higher magnification than light microscope
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s
How are electron microscopes better than light microscopes? - (correct answer) -
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They allow us to see much smaller things in greater detail since they have a higher magnification and reso
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lutions. For example, using an electron microscope, we can see the internal structure of mitochondria and
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chloroplast
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Describe the steps to prepare a slide [Required Practical] - (correct answer) -
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1) Add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide
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2) Cut up an onion and separate it out into layers. Use tweezers to peel off some epidermal tissue from th
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e bottom of one the layers
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3)Using the tweezers, place the epidermal tisse into the water on the slide
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4) Add a drop of iodine solution. Iodine solution is a stain which is used to highlight objects in the cell by a
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
dding colour to them tr tr tr
5) Place a cover slip on top. To do this, stand the cover slip upright on the slide, next to the water droplet.
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Then carefully tilt and lower it so it covers the specimen. Try not to get any air bubbles underneath it -
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they'll obstruct your view of the specimen
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Describe the steps needed to use a light microscope to look at your slide [Required Practical] -
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(correct answer) - 1) Clip the slide you've prepared onto the stage
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2) Select the lowest-powered objective lens
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3) Use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up to just below the objective lens
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4) Look down the eyepiece. Use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage downwards until the imag
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
e is roughly in focus.
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5) Adjust the focus with the fine adjustment knob, until you get a clear image of what's on the slide
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, 6) If you need to see the slide with greater magnification, swap to a higher-
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powered objective lens and refocus tr tr tr tr
What is cell differentiation? - (correct answer) -
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Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
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What is cell specialisation? - (correct answer) -
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The process of cells as they develop depending on their location in a tissue or organ.
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is a stem cell? - (correct answer) -
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A type of undifferentiated which are able to become any type of cell
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How are sperm cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
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For reproduction: they have a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg, there are lots of
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed and it also carries enzymes in its head to digest thr
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ough the egg cell membrane tr tr tr tr
How are nerve cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
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For rapid signalling: these cells are long to cover more distances and have branched connections at their
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ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How are muscle cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
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For contraction: these cells are long so that they have space to contract and have lots of mitochondria to
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
generate the energy needed for contraction tr tr tr tr tr
How are root hair cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
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For absorbing water and minerals: they grow into long "hairs" that stick out into the soil. This gives the pl
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ant a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How are phloem and xylem cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
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For transporting substances: phloem cells form phloem tubes and xylem cells form xylem tubes which tra
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nsport substances such as food and water around plants -
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the cells are joined end to end. Xylem cells are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have few sub cellular
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structures, so that stuff can flow through them
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Define the term chromosome - (correct answer) -
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Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules, they contain your genetic information
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How many pairs of chromosomes are there in humans? - (correct answer) - 23
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What is mitosis? - (correct answer) -
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Part of the cell cycle where one set of new chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell forming two ide
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ntical nuclei during cell division
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What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms? - (correct answer) -
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For growth, development and repair
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Biology Paper 1 Questions and Answers.
Name the two types of cells - (correct answer) - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr tr tr
What is a prokaryotic cell? - (correct answer) - A cell without a nucleus
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr tr tr tr tr
Give an example of a prokaryote (Prokaryotic cell) - (correct answer) - Bacteria
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr
What is a eukaryotic cell? - (correct answer) - cell with a nucleus
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr tr tr tr
Give two examples of eukaryotic cells - (correct answer) - Plant & Animal cells
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr tr tr tr
What three sub-cellular structures do plant cells have which animal cells do not? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Permanent vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts
trtr tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the nucleus? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Contains genetic materials that controls the activities of the cell
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the cytoplasm? - (correct answer) - A gel-
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr tr
like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these reacti
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ons
What is the function of the cell membrane? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Holds the cell together and controls the passage of substances
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the mitochondria? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy th
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
at the cell needs to work
tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the ribosome? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
These are were proteins are made in the cell through protein synthesis
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the cell wall? - (correct answer) - To strengthen and support the cell
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the vacuole? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts), it keeps the cell turgid
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is the function of the chloroplast? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
This is where photosynthesis takes place, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substanc
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
e called chlorophyll which absorbs the light required for photosynthesis
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
,What do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
A single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm, and some may also contain one or mor
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
e small rings of DNA called plasmids.
tr tr tr tr tr tr
How many mm are in um? - (correct answer) - 1000
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr
What do light microscopes use to work? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Light and lenses to form an image of a specimen. They let us see individual cells and large sub cellular stru
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ctures such as nuclei tr tr tr
What is the formula triangle for magnification? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr
What do electron microscopes use to work? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Electrons instead of light to form an image. They have a much higher magnification than light microscope
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
s
How are electron microscopes better than light microscopes? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
They allow us to see much smaller things in greater detail since they have a higher magnification and reso
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
lutions. For example, using an electron microscope, we can see the internal structure of mitochondria and
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr t
chloroplast
r
Describe the steps to prepare a slide [Required Practical] - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
1) Add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
2) Cut up an onion and separate it out into layers. Use tweezers to peel off some epidermal tissue from th
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
e bottom of one the layers
tr tr tr tr tr
3)Using the tweezers, place the epidermal tisse into the water on the slide
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
4) Add a drop of iodine solution. Iodine solution is a stain which is used to highlight objects in the cell by a
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
dding colour to them tr tr tr
5) Place a cover slip on top. To do this, stand the cover slip upright on the slide, next to the water droplet.
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Then carefully tilt and lower it so it covers the specimen. Try not to get any air bubbles underneath it -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
they'll obstruct your view of the specimen
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Describe the steps needed to use a light microscope to look at your slide [Required Practical] -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
(correct answer) - 1) Clip the slide you've prepared onto the stage
tr tr tr trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
2) Select the lowest-powered objective lens
tr tr tr tr tr
3) Use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up to just below the objective lens
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
4) Look down the eyepiece. Use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage downwards until the imag
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
e is roughly in focus.
tr tr tr tr
5) Adjust the focus with the fine adjustment knob, until you get a clear image of what's on the slide
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
, 6) If you need to see the slide with greater magnification, swap to a higher-
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
powered objective lens and refocus tr tr tr tr
What is cell differentiation? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Cell differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is cell specialisation? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
The process of cells as they develop depending on their location in a tissue or organ.
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
What is a stem cell? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
A type of undifferentiated which are able to become any type of cell
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How are sperm cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
For reproduction: they have a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg, there are lots of
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed and it also carries enzymes in its head to digest thr
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ough the egg cell membrane tr tr tr tr
How are nerve cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
For rapid signalling: these cells are long to cover more distances and have branched connections at their
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How are muscle cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
For contraction: these cells are long so that they have space to contract and have lots of mitochondria to
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
generate the energy needed for contraction tr tr tr tr tr
How are root hair cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
For absorbing water and minerals: they grow into long "hairs" that stick out into the soil. This gives the pl
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ant a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How are phloem and xylem cells specialised? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
For transporting substances: phloem cells form phloem tubes and xylem cells form xylem tubes which tra
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
nsport substances such as food and water around plants -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
the cells are joined end to end. Xylem cells are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have few sub cellular
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
structures, so that stuff can flow through them
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Define the term chromosome - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules, they contain your genetic information
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
How many pairs of chromosomes are there in humans? - (correct answer) - 23
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr trtr
What is mitosis? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr
Part of the cell cycle where one set of new chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell forming two ide
trtr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
ntical nuclei during cell division
tr tr tr tr
What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms? - (correct answer) -
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
For growth, development and repair
trtr tr tr tr tr
