A LEVEL GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 CASE
STUDIES EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
CHANGING PLACES LOCAL PLACE - MATLOCK - ANS- COUNTY TOWN OF DERBYSHIRE, COUNTY IN THE
EAST MIDLANDS REGION OF ENGLAND
- HAD A POPULATION IN 2011 CENSUS OF 9543
-WIDER URBAN AREA APPROX 20 000
-matclock has undergone signifcant econmic and cultural transofrmations over the years, reshaping
ts identity and character
.- that lies on the River Derwent, and has prospered from both the hydrotherapy industry and the
cloth mills constructed on the river
- matlock was an unimportant collection of small villages until thermal springs were discovered in
1698. and then it wasnt until the victorian era that matlock became known as a spa town.
-matlock was a hamlet mostly farming and lead and mining and quarrying and provided work for
these wasnt until the 1840s that began its growth as a spa town instead.
- various industries made use of the natural features: underlying bedrocks were quarried and mined,
watercourses harnessed to power corn, cloth and other mills, hillside thermal spring water gave rise
to the hydros
-The population increased rapidly in the 1800s, largely because of the popular hydros that were
being built- Matlock bath was a fashionable resort, this enormous hotel functioned as a spa and
treatment, "water cure" until the 1950s when it closed and was taken over by derbyshire county
council as its hq as people didnt see the reason to pay large sums of money for treatment of
unproven worth when expert attention was available free. Their treatments not having the approval
of medical profession and not prescibred under nhs, further changing the character of matlock as it
was no longer seen as a tourist spa town that attracted visitors
MATLOCK - ANS- matlock is still seen as a tourist destination and for day trips though not for its spa.
Due to the tourist attractions such as Peak District, and heights of abraham and for its cable cars and
Gulliver's kingdom a theme park which provides income for the town
-its experienced econmic and cultural changes,
-it has a more older population now due to its appeal as a retirement destination now with 79% of
the population in the services sector and 52% of the population over 50
-the town has seen a transition from its spa town status to a more diversified economy, incorporating
tourism, services and small businesses, the character of maltock reflects a blend of traditional charm
and modern amenities
,-often described as a seaside town without the sea
-Originally built in the early 18th century, Matlock Bath has been attracting flocks of bikers for
decades. Every Sunday in the summer more than 3,000 visit the small, picturesque town.-Popular
motorcycle routes such as Snake Pass and the UK's most dangerous road, the Cat and Fiddle, provide
great views on the way in and out of the town.
-With motorbike themed cafés and shops populating the promenade, it is clear that there is a strong
biker influence over Matlock Bath.
MATLOCKS LIVED EXPERIENCE IN PAST & PRESENT - ANShistory rich with industrial and social change,
signif influenced by Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Heritage:
Lead Mining and Quarrying: was known for its lead mining and limestone quarrying, which shaped its
economic base and community life.
Hydrotherapy: In the 19th century, Matlock Bath became renowned for its hydropathic
establishments, attracting visitors seeking health treatments, which significantly influenced the local
economy and social life.
Community Life:
Victorian Era: During the Victorian period, the town saw the development of amenities such as parks,
public baths, and improved housing for workers.
Social Structures: The community was primarily working-class, with strong ties to mining and later,
tourism industries. Local traditions and social events were often centered around these industries.
People's Lived Experiences at Present:
Economic Shifts:
Service Economy: The decline of traditional industries has led to the rise of a service-based economy,
with many residents working in tourism, retail, and public services.
Commuter Town: Proximity to larger cities like Derby and Sheffield has made Matlock a commuter
town, influencing daily life and local business dynamics.
Community and Identity:
Local Initiatives: Contemporary Matlock has a vibrant community spirit, with numerous local
initiatives focusing on sustainability, heritage conservation, and community welfare.
Diverse Population: Increased mobility and the appeal of the area have brought more diverse
demographics, including younger families and professionals.
MATLOCK'S CHANGING DEMOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS - ANSPopulation Growth:
Census data from the late 19th to the 21st century shows a steady population increase, with
significant growth periods following industrial booms and later, improved transportation links.
,Age Structure: Historically, the population was younger due to the industrial workforce. In recent
decades, there's been an increase in the proportion of older residents, partly due to the area's
appeal as a retirement destination.
Cultural Shifts:
Tourism and Heritage: The shift from an industrial to a service-based economy has brought a cultural
focus on heritage and tourism. Attractions such as the Heights of Abraham and Gulliver's Kingdom
theme park reflect this shift.
Arts and Festivals: The Matlock Bath Illuminations, an annual event since Victorian times, illustrate
the town's cultural continuity and adaptation. Additionally, modern festivals and markets have
become central to community life.
MATLOCK CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS PAST - ANSIndustrial Heritage:
Lead Mining and Quarrying: These industries not only shaped the economy but also the culture, with
local traditions, songs, and folklore reflecting the miners' experiences.
Hydrotherapy: The rise of hydropathic establishments in the 19th century brought a unique cultural
element to Matlock, with an influx of visitors seeking health treatments, contributing to a culture of
wellness and leisure.
Victorian Influences:
Architecture: Victorian buildings and structures, including public baths, parks, and residential homes,
reflect the architectural tastes and societal values of the time.
Public Events and Social Life: The Victorian era saw the establishment of public events such as fairs
and exhibitions, which became integral to social life in Matlock.
Community and Social Structures:
Working-Class Culture: The strong working-class presence influenced community solidarity and local
traditions. Social clubs, pubs, and community gatherings were central to daily life.
Education and Religion: Churches and schools played a significant role in the community, reflecting
the importance of religious and educational institutions in social life.
CONTEMP CULT CHARACTERISTICS - ANSContemporary Cultural Characteristics
Tourism and Heritage:
Attractions: Modern Matlock is characterized by its tourist attractions like the Heights of Abraham,
showcasing the town's natural beauty and geological significance.
Cultural Events: The Matlock Bath Illuminations, held annually since Victorian times, continue to be a
major cultural event, attracting visitors and fostering community spirit.
Arts and Festivals:
Festivals: Matlock hosts various arts and cultural festivals, including music, food, and craft events,
which highlight local talent and attract diverse audiences.
, Artistic Community: There is a thriving community of artists and craftspeople in Matlock,
contributing to a vibrant cultural scene with galleries, workshops, and public art installations.
Community Initiatives and Identity:
Sustainability and Localism: Contemporary cultural identity in Matlock is shaped by initiatives
focused on sustainability, local produce, and community welfare. Farmers' markets and eco-friendly
projects are common.
Diverse Population: The town's appeal as a residential area for commuters and retirees has brought
more diverse cultural influences, leading to a blend of traditional and modern cultural expressions.
Cultural Institutions and Activities:
Museums and Historical Sites: Institutions like the Peak District Mining Museum preserve and
promote the area's rich industrial heritage.
Outdoor Activities: The surrounding natural landscape promotes a culture of outdoor activities,
including hiking, cycling, and climbing, which are integral to the local lifestyle.
MATLOCK - ANSMid to Late 20th Century:
Post-WWII, the decline of traditional industries led to demographic shifts.
Rise in residential development and suburbanization.
1961 Census: Population of approximately 7,000, showing modest growth.
Cultural Characteristics:
Predom white British with strong local traditions tied to the spa and mining heritage.
Cultural events centered around tourism and the spa industry.
Present:
still predom white British, increasing diversity due to migration from urban areas.
Cultural life includes local festivals (e.g., Matlock Bath Illuminations), arts, and outdoor activities.
Economic Change and Social Inequalities
Industrial Decline:
Closure of mines and reduction in quarrying activities led to economic restructuring.
Tourism remained a critical sector, but with shifts towards heritage and nature tourism.
Modern Economy:
Service sector growth, particularly in retail, education, and healthcare.
Increase in small businesses and self-employment.
Matlock Town Centre: Development projects aimed at revitalizing the high street and local economy.
Social Inequalities:
STUDIES EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
CHANGING PLACES LOCAL PLACE - MATLOCK - ANS- COUNTY TOWN OF DERBYSHIRE, COUNTY IN THE
EAST MIDLANDS REGION OF ENGLAND
- HAD A POPULATION IN 2011 CENSUS OF 9543
-WIDER URBAN AREA APPROX 20 000
-matclock has undergone signifcant econmic and cultural transofrmations over the years, reshaping
ts identity and character
.- that lies on the River Derwent, and has prospered from both the hydrotherapy industry and the
cloth mills constructed on the river
- matlock was an unimportant collection of small villages until thermal springs were discovered in
1698. and then it wasnt until the victorian era that matlock became known as a spa town.
-matlock was a hamlet mostly farming and lead and mining and quarrying and provided work for
these wasnt until the 1840s that began its growth as a spa town instead.
- various industries made use of the natural features: underlying bedrocks were quarried and mined,
watercourses harnessed to power corn, cloth and other mills, hillside thermal spring water gave rise
to the hydros
-The population increased rapidly in the 1800s, largely because of the popular hydros that were
being built- Matlock bath was a fashionable resort, this enormous hotel functioned as a spa and
treatment, "water cure" until the 1950s when it closed and was taken over by derbyshire county
council as its hq as people didnt see the reason to pay large sums of money for treatment of
unproven worth when expert attention was available free. Their treatments not having the approval
of medical profession and not prescibred under nhs, further changing the character of matlock as it
was no longer seen as a tourist spa town that attracted visitors
MATLOCK - ANS- matlock is still seen as a tourist destination and for day trips though not for its spa.
Due to the tourist attractions such as Peak District, and heights of abraham and for its cable cars and
Gulliver's kingdom a theme park which provides income for the town
-its experienced econmic and cultural changes,
-it has a more older population now due to its appeal as a retirement destination now with 79% of
the population in the services sector and 52% of the population over 50
-the town has seen a transition from its spa town status to a more diversified economy, incorporating
tourism, services and small businesses, the character of maltock reflects a blend of traditional charm
and modern amenities
,-often described as a seaside town without the sea
-Originally built in the early 18th century, Matlock Bath has been attracting flocks of bikers for
decades. Every Sunday in the summer more than 3,000 visit the small, picturesque town.-Popular
motorcycle routes such as Snake Pass and the UK's most dangerous road, the Cat and Fiddle, provide
great views on the way in and out of the town.
-With motorbike themed cafés and shops populating the promenade, it is clear that there is a strong
biker influence over Matlock Bath.
MATLOCKS LIVED EXPERIENCE IN PAST & PRESENT - ANShistory rich with industrial and social change,
signif influenced by Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Heritage:
Lead Mining and Quarrying: was known for its lead mining and limestone quarrying, which shaped its
economic base and community life.
Hydrotherapy: In the 19th century, Matlock Bath became renowned for its hydropathic
establishments, attracting visitors seeking health treatments, which significantly influenced the local
economy and social life.
Community Life:
Victorian Era: During the Victorian period, the town saw the development of amenities such as parks,
public baths, and improved housing for workers.
Social Structures: The community was primarily working-class, with strong ties to mining and later,
tourism industries. Local traditions and social events were often centered around these industries.
People's Lived Experiences at Present:
Economic Shifts:
Service Economy: The decline of traditional industries has led to the rise of a service-based economy,
with many residents working in tourism, retail, and public services.
Commuter Town: Proximity to larger cities like Derby and Sheffield has made Matlock a commuter
town, influencing daily life and local business dynamics.
Community and Identity:
Local Initiatives: Contemporary Matlock has a vibrant community spirit, with numerous local
initiatives focusing on sustainability, heritage conservation, and community welfare.
Diverse Population: Increased mobility and the appeal of the area have brought more diverse
demographics, including younger families and professionals.
MATLOCK'S CHANGING DEMOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS - ANSPopulation Growth:
Census data from the late 19th to the 21st century shows a steady population increase, with
significant growth periods following industrial booms and later, improved transportation links.
,Age Structure: Historically, the population was younger due to the industrial workforce. In recent
decades, there's been an increase in the proportion of older residents, partly due to the area's
appeal as a retirement destination.
Cultural Shifts:
Tourism and Heritage: The shift from an industrial to a service-based economy has brought a cultural
focus on heritage and tourism. Attractions such as the Heights of Abraham and Gulliver's Kingdom
theme park reflect this shift.
Arts and Festivals: The Matlock Bath Illuminations, an annual event since Victorian times, illustrate
the town's cultural continuity and adaptation. Additionally, modern festivals and markets have
become central to community life.
MATLOCK CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS PAST - ANSIndustrial Heritage:
Lead Mining and Quarrying: These industries not only shaped the economy but also the culture, with
local traditions, songs, and folklore reflecting the miners' experiences.
Hydrotherapy: The rise of hydropathic establishments in the 19th century brought a unique cultural
element to Matlock, with an influx of visitors seeking health treatments, contributing to a culture of
wellness and leisure.
Victorian Influences:
Architecture: Victorian buildings and structures, including public baths, parks, and residential homes,
reflect the architectural tastes and societal values of the time.
Public Events and Social Life: The Victorian era saw the establishment of public events such as fairs
and exhibitions, which became integral to social life in Matlock.
Community and Social Structures:
Working-Class Culture: The strong working-class presence influenced community solidarity and local
traditions. Social clubs, pubs, and community gatherings were central to daily life.
Education and Religion: Churches and schools played a significant role in the community, reflecting
the importance of religious and educational institutions in social life.
CONTEMP CULT CHARACTERISTICS - ANSContemporary Cultural Characteristics
Tourism and Heritage:
Attractions: Modern Matlock is characterized by its tourist attractions like the Heights of Abraham,
showcasing the town's natural beauty and geological significance.
Cultural Events: The Matlock Bath Illuminations, held annually since Victorian times, continue to be a
major cultural event, attracting visitors and fostering community spirit.
Arts and Festivals:
Festivals: Matlock hosts various arts and cultural festivals, including music, food, and craft events,
which highlight local talent and attract diverse audiences.
, Artistic Community: There is a thriving community of artists and craftspeople in Matlock,
contributing to a vibrant cultural scene with galleries, workshops, and public art installations.
Community Initiatives and Identity:
Sustainability and Localism: Contemporary cultural identity in Matlock is shaped by initiatives
focused on sustainability, local produce, and community welfare. Farmers' markets and eco-friendly
projects are common.
Diverse Population: The town's appeal as a residential area for commuters and retirees has brought
more diverse cultural influences, leading to a blend of traditional and modern cultural expressions.
Cultural Institutions and Activities:
Museums and Historical Sites: Institutions like the Peak District Mining Museum preserve and
promote the area's rich industrial heritage.
Outdoor Activities: The surrounding natural landscape promotes a culture of outdoor activities,
including hiking, cycling, and climbing, which are integral to the local lifestyle.
MATLOCK - ANSMid to Late 20th Century:
Post-WWII, the decline of traditional industries led to demographic shifts.
Rise in residential development and suburbanization.
1961 Census: Population of approximately 7,000, showing modest growth.
Cultural Characteristics:
Predom white British with strong local traditions tied to the spa and mining heritage.
Cultural events centered around tourism and the spa industry.
Present:
still predom white British, increasing diversity due to migration from urban areas.
Cultural life includes local festivals (e.g., Matlock Bath Illuminations), arts, and outdoor activities.
Economic Change and Social Inequalities
Industrial Decline:
Closure of mines and reduction in quarrying activities led to economic restructuring.
Tourism remained a critical sector, but with shifts towards heritage and nature tourism.
Modern Economy:
Service sector growth, particularly in retail, education, and healthcare.
Increase in small businesses and self-employment.
Matlock Town Centre: Development projects aimed at revitalizing the high street and local economy.
Social Inequalities:
