PORTH ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS WITH THE CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's
most recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the
response that best identifies the client. - correct answers-The client is achieving normal glycemic
control.
A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS)
of 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse
assume? - correct answers-The patient is achieving normal glycemic control.
When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this medication: -
correct answers-Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively constant concentration for
12-24 hours.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about rapid-acting
insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client selects: - correct answers-
Lispro
The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest risk for developing
type 2 diabetes. - correct answers-A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle
The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching
the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which of these risk factors
in the teaching? - correct answers-Woman with a family history of diabetes
The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of
epinephrine into the bloodstream. Which of these effects on blood glucose levels does the nurse teach
the student epinephrine will cause? - correct answers-Blood glucose will elevate.
A patient with diabetes asks the nurse for advice in controlling between-meal blood glucose levels.
Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a long-acting insulin to provide a consistent basal
level? - correct answers-Glargine (Lantus)
Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"? -
correct answers-A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-
up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by metabolic abnormalities in the presence of insulin. What are these
metabolic abnormalities? (Select all that apply.) - correct answers-• Deranged secretion of insulin
• Insulin resistance
• Increased glucose production by the liver
, The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of headache, disturbed behavior,
coma, and seizures. The best response would be: - correct answers-The brain relies on blood glucose as
its main energy source.
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - correct answers-Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is
appropriate? - correct answers-Using an insulin infusion pump
Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric
neuropathy related to diabetes. - correct answers-Inspect the feet for blisters daily
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose
level is 877 mg/dL. The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does
the nurse set as the priority at this time? - correct answers-Administration of intravenous fluids
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. The
nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the client states: - correct answers-"I must avoid
all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."
Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? - correct
answers-Complete failure of insulin secretion
During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are
critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid
hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur? - correct answers-
Hyperglycemia
Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are considered necessary for
type 1A diabetes to occur? - correct answers-Genetic predisposition, environmental triggering event,
and a T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to
follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome? -
correct answers-Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl
The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by
injection. The best response by the nurse is: - correct answers-"Insulin is destroyed by the stomach
contents and has to be administered by injection."
A pregnant client asks the nurse if she is at risk for developing gestational diabetes. The nurse reviews
the risk factors with the client. The most important information for the nurse to provide would be:
Select all that apply. - correct answers-• Polycystic ovary disease
• Glycosuria
• Severe obesity
A young child develops type 1A diabetes. The parents ask, "They tell us this is genetic. Does that mean
our other children will get diabetes?" The best response by the health care provider would be: - correct
QUESTIONS WITH THE CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's
most recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the
response that best identifies the client. - correct answers-The client is achieving normal glycemic
control.
A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS)
of 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse
assume? - correct answers-The patient is achieving normal glycemic control.
When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this medication: -
correct answers-Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively constant concentration for
12-24 hours.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about rapid-acting
insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client selects: - correct answers-
Lispro
The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest risk for developing
type 2 diabetes. - correct answers-A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle
The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching
the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which of these risk factors
in the teaching? - correct answers-Woman with a family history of diabetes
The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of
epinephrine into the bloodstream. Which of these effects on blood glucose levels does the nurse teach
the student epinephrine will cause? - correct answers-Blood glucose will elevate.
A patient with diabetes asks the nurse for advice in controlling between-meal blood glucose levels.
Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a long-acting insulin to provide a consistent basal
level? - correct answers-Glargine (Lantus)
Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"? -
correct answers-A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-
up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by metabolic abnormalities in the presence of insulin. What are these
metabolic abnormalities? (Select all that apply.) - correct answers-• Deranged secretion of insulin
• Insulin resistance
• Increased glucose production by the liver
, The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of headache, disturbed behavior,
coma, and seizures. The best response would be: - correct answers-The brain relies on blood glucose as
its main energy source.
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - correct answers-Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is
appropriate? - correct answers-Using an insulin infusion pump
Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric
neuropathy related to diabetes. - correct answers-Inspect the feet for blisters daily
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose
level is 877 mg/dL. The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does
the nurse set as the priority at this time? - correct answers-Administration of intravenous fluids
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. The
nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the client states: - correct answers-"I must avoid
all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."
Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? - correct
answers-Complete failure of insulin secretion
During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are
critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid
hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur? - correct answers-
Hyperglycemia
Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are considered necessary for
type 1A diabetes to occur? - correct answers-Genetic predisposition, environmental triggering event,
and a T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to
follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome? -
correct answers-Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl
The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by
injection. The best response by the nurse is: - correct answers-"Insulin is destroyed by the stomach
contents and has to be administered by injection."
A pregnant client asks the nurse if she is at risk for developing gestational diabetes. The nurse reviews
the risk factors with the client. The most important information for the nurse to provide would be:
Select all that apply. - correct answers-• Polycystic ovary disease
• Glycosuria
• Severe obesity
A young child develops type 1A diabetes. The parents ask, "They tell us this is genetic. Does that mean
our other children will get diabetes?" The best response by the health care provider would be: - correct
