,
,11) By 2050, the earth is projected to have a population between
A) 8 and 10 billion.
B) 7 and 8 billion.
C) 8 and 9 billion.
D) 10 and 12 billion.
12) Loss of indigenous cultures is accompanied by loss of unique understanding of nature.
⊚ true
⊚ false
13) An important reason for determining the size of a society's ecological footprint is to
determine the sustainability of its lifestyle.
⊚ true
⊚ false
14) One of the earliest models for conservation in the United States was based on utilitarian
conservation, for which nature was conserved not to protect biodiversity, but to provide jobs
and resources.
⊚ true
⊚ false
15) The first Nobel Prize for environmental action was awarded
A) in 1912 to John Muir.
B) in 1973 to David Brower.
C) in 2004 to Wangari Maathai.
D) in 1935 to Aldo Leopold.
16) There is concern over the continued ability to provide adequate food for our growing
population because
A) 2/3 of all agricultural lands show signs of degradation.
B) there is little corporate interest in food production.
C) agriculture has not benefited from modern technological advancements.
D) there is little knowledge about how to farm.
3
,17) The word "environment" comes from a French word that means
A) life
B) nature
C) wildlife
D) home
E) to surround
18) Environmental science is a ________.
A) narrowly defined set of physical, life, and social sciences
B) theoretical approach in interpreting the environment
C) way to see the world in scientific terms
D) systematic approach in learning about the environment
E) special set of problem-solving skills
19) Most environmental problems result from
A) political differences
B) complex, interrelated problems
C) technological development problems
D) global warming
E) urban degradation
20) Which of the following is not true of the term environment?
A) Environment includes our culture.
B) The environment includes the biosphere.
C) The environment includes political and social systems.
D) The environment has issues for which there are no remedies.
E) The environment includes the relationships between organisms.
21) The fundamental basis of environmental science as a discipline is the
A) history of the use of natural resources
B) diversity of life on the Earth
C) human impact on the Earth
D) pollution on the Earth
E) future use of natural resources
4
,22) Which of the following is not true of the term environment?
A) Environment includes our culture.
B) The environment includes the biosphere.
C) The environment includes political and social systems.
D) The environment has issues for which there are no remedies.
E) The environment includes the relationships between organisms.
23) One major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is
the
A) current ability to alter the natural world through technology
B) relatively new emergence of environmentalists
C) historical ignorance of the interconnected nature of environmental issues
D) development of new fields such as environmental science
E) extremely fast transmission of information through the Internet
24) In the fourth century B.C., the philosopher Plato wrote of the erosion and deforestation that
________ Greece.
A) would one day plague
B) were caused by the excessive population in
C) were prevalent in countries outside of
D) had been a problem that was now resolved in
E) had stripped the fine soils and forests of
25) Which of the following is NOT a problem being addressed by environmental scientists?
A) finding resources for a human population growing at almost 80 million people a year.
B) providing clean drinking water.
C) assessing and finding solutions to climate change.
D) creating processes that promote sustainability in everyday life.
E) creating a better transportation system for food distribution to the populace.
5
,26) A(n) ________ is a tabulation of the demands placed on nature by individuals or nations.
A) ecological footprint
B) quantitative analysis value
C) world biocapacity
D) land area resource ratio
27) Most of the early scientific studies of environmental damage were done by
A) colonial administrators who were often trained scientists
B) native people of North America
C) european peasant farmers who understood the connection between deforestation and
local climate change
D) industrial leaders of the nineteenth century who were worried about the degradation
caused by factories
E) scientists in Europe who were worried about deforestation and erosion in their
countries
28) The history of conservation and environmentalism is
A) based in the Industrial Revolution
B) largely unrecorded
C) a relatively new movement
D) based in the 1970s environmental movement
E) traceable well back into human history
29) Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean, is a model for balancing nature and human needs
because in the eighteenth century a French governor
A) declared the island a nature sanctuary
B) ordered sensitive areas such as steep slopes to be preserved in forests
C) bought the island as a private sanctuary for the government of France
D) supported an extensive environmental education campaign
E) enforced strict punishment for people who damaged any natural resources
Version 1 6
,30) Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported
forest conservation in order to protect
A) wildlife habitats in forested areas
B) untouched, unvisited wilderness areas
C) jobs and homes for people
D) the scenic beauty found in natural areas
E) resources such as natural habitats for future generations
31) Utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because they are
important
A) as a home for wildlife
B) in the conservation of aesthetic values
C) to our understanding of the biosphere
D) for a strong economic system
E) and used by all living things
32) The approach that reflects the philosophy that there is waste in neglecting the development
and use of certain natural resources (such as dead trees in old growth forests) would best be
described as
A) moral and aesthetic preservation
B) global environmental citizenship
C) pragmatic utilitarian conservation
D) a cornucopian worldview
33) Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their
A) aesthetic and spiritual values and wildlife habitat
B) hunting and fishing value
C) wood and mineral resources for the future
D) tourism and recreation potential
E) economic value in cleaning the air and preventing soil erosion
Version 1 7
,34) Biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that
A) the biosphere is a central resource for humans
B) humans must manage resources for maximum productivity
C) preservation of wildlife is needed for human survival
D) all living things have a fundamental right to exist and pursue their own interests
E) all living things have value for humans
35) The National Park Service reflects a ________ approach while the Forest Service reflects a
________ approach.
A) biocentric preservationist; pragmatic utilitarian conservationist
B) global environmentalist; cornucopian
C) pragmatic resource conservationist; moral and aesthetic preservationist
D) cornucopian; global environmentalist
E) pragmatic utilitarian conservation; biocentric preservation
36) Pollution problems
A) are relatively new concerns
B) identify the era of global environmentalism
C) were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century
D) are the main issues for technological optimists
37) Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed
from earlier North American conservation perspectives by
A) focusing on human population growth
B) placing more emphasis on pollution problems
C) emphasizing international problems
D) encouraging energy efficiency
E) emphasizing the value of natural resources
Version 1 8
,38) Modern environmentalism is becoming well established in the United States. One of the main
reasons for this is probably the ________ in the modern movement.
A) emphasis on technological remedies
B) interconnected nature of our global village
C) combination of activism and research
D) emphasis on impending doom
E) greatly expanded international communications
39) At the end of the twentieth century, ________ has/have been added to environmental
thinking.
A) global concerns
B) urban problems
C) water supply and pollution problems
D) human population growth
E) air pollution problems
40) Some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya
A) have denounced the use of technology
B) have shown that a slight decrease in human welfare must accompany environmental
protection
C) have focused only on local environmental issues
D) are linking improved environmental quality with social progress
E) treat humans as an entity separate from the environment in which they live
41) The world's population is now more than
A) 70 million.
B) 70 billion.
C) 7 billion.
D) 700 million.
E) 20 million.
Version 1 9
, 42) Supplies of fossil fuels are
A) continually expanding in nature
B) being renewed as fast as we use them
C) being steadily depleted
D) almost entirely depleted
E) easily found through better technology
43) According to the U.N. Environment Programme how many species have gone extinct in the
past century?
A) almost 100
B) over 250
C) 563
D) more than 800
E) nearly 1,700
44) The United Nations estimates that at least 3 million people die each year from diseases
triggered by
A) water pollution.
B) air pollution.
C) exposure to radiation.
D) cigarette smoking.
E) mosquito-borne illnesses.
45) Evidence of progress in reducing overpopulation and the increased strain on the environment
it causes is best illustrated by
A) the current evidence of a stable population in the developing and developed world
B) a decrease in the average number of children born to each woman
C) the current evidence of a globally stable population growth
D) the decreasing population growth rate in the United States
E) the current evidence of a stable population in the developing world
Version 1 10
,11) By 2050, the earth is projected to have a population between
A) 8 and 10 billion.
B) 7 and 8 billion.
C) 8 and 9 billion.
D) 10 and 12 billion.
12) Loss of indigenous cultures is accompanied by loss of unique understanding of nature.
⊚ true
⊚ false
13) An important reason for determining the size of a society's ecological footprint is to
determine the sustainability of its lifestyle.
⊚ true
⊚ false
14) One of the earliest models for conservation in the United States was based on utilitarian
conservation, for which nature was conserved not to protect biodiversity, but to provide jobs
and resources.
⊚ true
⊚ false
15) The first Nobel Prize for environmental action was awarded
A) in 1912 to John Muir.
B) in 1973 to David Brower.
C) in 2004 to Wangari Maathai.
D) in 1935 to Aldo Leopold.
16) There is concern over the continued ability to provide adequate food for our growing
population because
A) 2/3 of all agricultural lands show signs of degradation.
B) there is little corporate interest in food production.
C) agriculture has not benefited from modern technological advancements.
D) there is little knowledge about how to farm.
3
,17) The word "environment" comes from a French word that means
A) life
B) nature
C) wildlife
D) home
E) to surround
18) Environmental science is a ________.
A) narrowly defined set of physical, life, and social sciences
B) theoretical approach in interpreting the environment
C) way to see the world in scientific terms
D) systematic approach in learning about the environment
E) special set of problem-solving skills
19) Most environmental problems result from
A) political differences
B) complex, interrelated problems
C) technological development problems
D) global warming
E) urban degradation
20) Which of the following is not true of the term environment?
A) Environment includes our culture.
B) The environment includes the biosphere.
C) The environment includes political and social systems.
D) The environment has issues for which there are no remedies.
E) The environment includes the relationships between organisms.
21) The fundamental basis of environmental science as a discipline is the
A) history of the use of natural resources
B) diversity of life on the Earth
C) human impact on the Earth
D) pollution on the Earth
E) future use of natural resources
4
,22) Which of the following is not true of the term environment?
A) Environment includes our culture.
B) The environment includes the biosphere.
C) The environment includes political and social systems.
D) The environment has issues for which there are no remedies.
E) The environment includes the relationships between organisms.
23) One major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is
the
A) current ability to alter the natural world through technology
B) relatively new emergence of environmentalists
C) historical ignorance of the interconnected nature of environmental issues
D) development of new fields such as environmental science
E) extremely fast transmission of information through the Internet
24) In the fourth century B.C., the philosopher Plato wrote of the erosion and deforestation that
________ Greece.
A) would one day plague
B) were caused by the excessive population in
C) were prevalent in countries outside of
D) had been a problem that was now resolved in
E) had stripped the fine soils and forests of
25) Which of the following is NOT a problem being addressed by environmental scientists?
A) finding resources for a human population growing at almost 80 million people a year.
B) providing clean drinking water.
C) assessing and finding solutions to climate change.
D) creating processes that promote sustainability in everyday life.
E) creating a better transportation system for food distribution to the populace.
5
,26) A(n) ________ is a tabulation of the demands placed on nature by individuals or nations.
A) ecological footprint
B) quantitative analysis value
C) world biocapacity
D) land area resource ratio
27) Most of the early scientific studies of environmental damage were done by
A) colonial administrators who were often trained scientists
B) native people of North America
C) european peasant farmers who understood the connection between deforestation and
local climate change
D) industrial leaders of the nineteenth century who were worried about the degradation
caused by factories
E) scientists in Europe who were worried about deforestation and erosion in their
countries
28) The history of conservation and environmentalism is
A) based in the Industrial Revolution
B) largely unrecorded
C) a relatively new movement
D) based in the 1970s environmental movement
E) traceable well back into human history
29) Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean, is a model for balancing nature and human needs
because in the eighteenth century a French governor
A) declared the island a nature sanctuary
B) ordered sensitive areas such as steep slopes to be preserved in forests
C) bought the island as a private sanctuary for the government of France
D) supported an extensive environmental education campaign
E) enforced strict punishment for people who damaged any natural resources
Version 1 6
,30) Pragmatic conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt, supported
forest conservation in order to protect
A) wildlife habitats in forested areas
B) untouched, unvisited wilderness areas
C) jobs and homes for people
D) the scenic beauty found in natural areas
E) resources such as natural habitats for future generations
31) Utilitarian conservationists tend to believe that resources should be saved because they are
important
A) as a home for wildlife
B) in the conservation of aesthetic values
C) to our understanding of the biosphere
D) for a strong economic system
E) and used by all living things
32) The approach that reflects the philosophy that there is waste in neglecting the development
and use of certain natural resources (such as dead trees in old growth forests) would best be
described as
A) moral and aesthetic preservation
B) global environmental citizenship
C) pragmatic utilitarian conservation
D) a cornucopian worldview
33) Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their
A) aesthetic and spiritual values and wildlife habitat
B) hunting and fishing value
C) wood and mineral resources for the future
D) tourism and recreation potential
E) economic value in cleaning the air and preventing soil erosion
Version 1 7
,34) Biocentric preservation is a philosophy that supports the belief that
A) the biosphere is a central resource for humans
B) humans must manage resources for maximum productivity
C) preservation of wildlife is needed for human survival
D) all living things have a fundamental right to exist and pursue their own interests
E) all living things have value for humans
35) The National Park Service reflects a ________ approach while the Forest Service reflects a
________ approach.
A) biocentric preservationist; pragmatic utilitarian conservationist
B) global environmentalist; cornucopian
C) pragmatic resource conservationist; moral and aesthetic preservationist
D) cornucopian; global environmentalist
E) pragmatic utilitarian conservation; biocentric preservation
36) Pollution problems
A) are relatively new concerns
B) identify the era of global environmentalism
C) were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century
D) are the main issues for technological optimists
37) Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed
from earlier North American conservation perspectives by
A) focusing on human population growth
B) placing more emphasis on pollution problems
C) emphasizing international problems
D) encouraging energy efficiency
E) emphasizing the value of natural resources
Version 1 8
,38) Modern environmentalism is becoming well established in the United States. One of the main
reasons for this is probably the ________ in the modern movement.
A) emphasis on technological remedies
B) interconnected nature of our global village
C) combination of activism and research
D) emphasis on impending doom
E) greatly expanded international communications
39) At the end of the twentieth century, ________ has/have been added to environmental
thinking.
A) global concerns
B) urban problems
C) water supply and pollution problems
D) human population growth
E) air pollution problems
40) Some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya
A) have denounced the use of technology
B) have shown that a slight decrease in human welfare must accompany environmental
protection
C) have focused only on local environmental issues
D) are linking improved environmental quality with social progress
E) treat humans as an entity separate from the environment in which they live
41) The world's population is now more than
A) 70 million.
B) 70 billion.
C) 7 billion.
D) 700 million.
E) 20 million.
Version 1 9
, 42) Supplies of fossil fuels are
A) continually expanding in nature
B) being renewed as fast as we use them
C) being steadily depleted
D) almost entirely depleted
E) easily found through better technology
43) According to the U.N. Environment Programme how many species have gone extinct in the
past century?
A) almost 100
B) over 250
C) 563
D) more than 800
E) nearly 1,700
44) The United Nations estimates that at least 3 million people die each year from diseases
triggered by
A) water pollution.
B) air pollution.
C) exposure to radiation.
D) cigarette smoking.
E) mosquito-borne illnesses.
45) Evidence of progress in reducing overpopulation and the increased strain on the environment
it causes is best illustrated by
A) the current evidence of a stable population in the developing and developed world
B) a decrease in the average number of children born to each woman
C) the current evidence of a globally stable population growth
D) the decreasing population growth rate in the United States
E) the current evidence of a stable population in the developing world
Version 1 10
