CMB2004 ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the specific/adaptive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER - induced by exposure to
an infection, very specific and has memory
Describe the receptors in the specific immune response - CORRECT ANSWER - clonaly
distributed, a large repitoire at a low frequency
What is clonal selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - during development, cells recognising
self material are destroyed leaving only those recognising non-self
Whats the role of clonal selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - reduces the repertoire leaving
a pool of mature naive lymphocytes which can proliferate and differentiate on activation to form
effector cells
What are TCRs? - CORRECT ANSWER - T cell receptors, expressed by T cells and are
always membrane bound
What do TCRs recognise? - CORRECT ANSWER - processed peptides on MHC on APC
What is this? - CORRECT ANSWER - TCR complex
What are the four domains of a TCR? - CORRECT ANSWER - heterodimer of alpha and
beta
What can the four domains of a TCR sometimes be? - CORRECT ANSWER - gamma and
delta
Whats CDR? - CORRECT ANSWER - complementary determining region
,How many CDRs does a TCR have? - CORRECT ANSWER - each chain has 3 so 6 in
total
Whats an MHC? - CORRECT ANSWER - essential for the acquired immune system to
recognize foreign molecules
What does MHC stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER - major histocompatibility complex
Whats different between MHCI and MHCII - CORRECT ANSWER - different structures
and expression patterns presenting peptides from different sources
How was MHC first discovered? - CORRECT ANSWER - in transplant rejection
Which cells are MHCI present on? - CORRECT ANSWER - all nucleated cells
What are the types of MHCI? - CORRECT ANSWER - HLA-A/B/C
What domains is the MHCI made of? - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha 1 2 3 and beta2
microglobulin
In MHCI, which domains are Ig-like? - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha 3 and beta2 micro
globulin
In MHCI, which domains are polymorphic/peptide binding? - CORRECT ANSWER -
alpha 1 and 2
What does MHCI bind with? - CORRECT ANSWER - CD8+ cells
,Which cells are MHCII present on? - CORRECT ANSWER - APC/cytokine active cells
What are the types of MHCII? - CORRECT ANSWER - HLA-DQ/DR/DP
What domains is the MHCII made of? - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2
In MHCII, which domains are Ig-like? - CORRECT ANSWER - beta 2 and alpha 2
In MHCII, which domains are polymorphic/peptide binding? - CORRECT ANSWER -
beta 1 and alpha 1
What does MHCII bind with? - CORRECT ANSWER - CD4+ cells
What are antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Y-shaped proteins that are produced by B-
lymphocytes
What is a BCR? - CORRECT ANSWER - B cell receptor expressed by B cells and are the
membrane bound form of antibodies
What do BCR bind? - CORRECT ANSWER - free antigen
What happens when free antigen binds to a BCR? - CORRECT ANSWER - causes the
BCR to be secreted
Whats different between the secreted form of BCR and the membrane bound form? - CORRECT
ANSWER - secreted form has an alternative hydrophilic C terminus
Whats a role of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - opsonisation to increase
phagocytosis
, Whats a role of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - classical complement pathway
Whats a role of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - activation of effector cells
Whats the structure of an antibody? - CORRECT ANSWER - there are 2 heavy and 2 light
chains in a Y shape
In an antibody, how are the heavy and light chains held together? - CORRECT ANSWER -
by covalent and non covalent bonds
In an antibody, what are the two types of light chains? - CORRECT ANSWER - lambda
and kappa
In an antibody, what regions form the antigen binding site? - CORRECT ANSWER -
variable heavy and variable light regions
In an antibody, what is the antigen binding site? - CORRECT ANSWER - hypervariable
In an antibody, how is the antigen binding site hypervariable? - CORRECT ANSWER -
has 6 loops or CDR
What are antigen's interactions with the Ag binding sites of antibodies? - CORRECT
ANSWER - can be linear or discontinuous
In an antibody, what does the constant heavy domain do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
interacts with FcR and allows for the effector response
What are the 5 isotypes of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - IgM/D/G/E/A
CORRECT Answers
What is the specific/adaptive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER - induced by exposure to
an infection, very specific and has memory
Describe the receptors in the specific immune response - CORRECT ANSWER - clonaly
distributed, a large repitoire at a low frequency
What is clonal selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - during development, cells recognising
self material are destroyed leaving only those recognising non-self
Whats the role of clonal selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - reduces the repertoire leaving
a pool of mature naive lymphocytes which can proliferate and differentiate on activation to form
effector cells
What are TCRs? - CORRECT ANSWER - T cell receptors, expressed by T cells and are
always membrane bound
What do TCRs recognise? - CORRECT ANSWER - processed peptides on MHC on APC
What is this? - CORRECT ANSWER - TCR complex
What are the four domains of a TCR? - CORRECT ANSWER - heterodimer of alpha and
beta
What can the four domains of a TCR sometimes be? - CORRECT ANSWER - gamma and
delta
Whats CDR? - CORRECT ANSWER - complementary determining region
,How many CDRs does a TCR have? - CORRECT ANSWER - each chain has 3 so 6 in
total
Whats an MHC? - CORRECT ANSWER - essential for the acquired immune system to
recognize foreign molecules
What does MHC stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER - major histocompatibility complex
Whats different between MHCI and MHCII - CORRECT ANSWER - different structures
and expression patterns presenting peptides from different sources
How was MHC first discovered? - CORRECT ANSWER - in transplant rejection
Which cells are MHCI present on? - CORRECT ANSWER - all nucleated cells
What are the types of MHCI? - CORRECT ANSWER - HLA-A/B/C
What domains is the MHCI made of? - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha 1 2 3 and beta2
microglobulin
In MHCI, which domains are Ig-like? - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha 3 and beta2 micro
globulin
In MHCI, which domains are polymorphic/peptide binding? - CORRECT ANSWER -
alpha 1 and 2
What does MHCI bind with? - CORRECT ANSWER - CD8+ cells
,Which cells are MHCII present on? - CORRECT ANSWER - APC/cytokine active cells
What are the types of MHCII? - CORRECT ANSWER - HLA-DQ/DR/DP
What domains is the MHCII made of? - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2
In MHCII, which domains are Ig-like? - CORRECT ANSWER - beta 2 and alpha 2
In MHCII, which domains are polymorphic/peptide binding? - CORRECT ANSWER -
beta 1 and alpha 1
What does MHCII bind with? - CORRECT ANSWER - CD4+ cells
What are antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Y-shaped proteins that are produced by B-
lymphocytes
What is a BCR? - CORRECT ANSWER - B cell receptor expressed by B cells and are the
membrane bound form of antibodies
What do BCR bind? - CORRECT ANSWER - free antigen
What happens when free antigen binds to a BCR? - CORRECT ANSWER - causes the
BCR to be secreted
Whats different between the secreted form of BCR and the membrane bound form? - CORRECT
ANSWER - secreted form has an alternative hydrophilic C terminus
Whats a role of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - opsonisation to increase
phagocytosis
, Whats a role of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - classical complement pathway
Whats a role of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - activation of effector cells
Whats the structure of an antibody? - CORRECT ANSWER - there are 2 heavy and 2 light
chains in a Y shape
In an antibody, how are the heavy and light chains held together? - CORRECT ANSWER -
by covalent and non covalent bonds
In an antibody, what are the two types of light chains? - CORRECT ANSWER - lambda
and kappa
In an antibody, what regions form the antigen binding site? - CORRECT ANSWER -
variable heavy and variable light regions
In an antibody, what is the antigen binding site? - CORRECT ANSWER - hypervariable
In an antibody, how is the antigen binding site hypervariable? - CORRECT ANSWER -
has 6 loops or CDR
What are antigen's interactions with the Ag binding sites of antibodies? - CORRECT
ANSWER - can be linear or discontinuous
In an antibody, what does the constant heavy domain do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
interacts with FcR and allows for the effector response
What are the 5 isotypes of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER - IgM/D/G/E/A
