Biochemistry I Exam #1 Questions And Answers Well Detailed 100% Explained

Hypertonic - correct answer Osmotic pressure outside of the cell is greater than inside the cell. Water moves outward and dehydrates the cells. Hypotonic - correct answer The osmotic pressure inside the cell is greater than outside the cell. Water moves into the cell and bloats it causing it to burst. Isotonic - correct answer Osmotic pressure is equal in and outside of the cell. Arrhenius acid - correct answer Produce protons in water. Arrhenius base - correct answer Produce OH in water. Bronsted-Lowry acid - correct answer Proton donor. Bronsted-Lowry Base - correct answer Proton acceptor. Lewis acid - correct answer lone pair acceptor Lewis base - correct answer lone pair donor Kw - correct answer 1.0 x 10^-14 = [H+][OH-] Ka+Kb pH formula - correct answer pH = -log10[H+] Pure water pH - correct answer 7.00 (neutral) Strong acid - correct answer 100% ionization in water Strong base - correct answer A base that dissociates completely into ions in solution. conjugate base - correct answer a base that forms when an acid loses a proton conjugate acid - correct answer the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion pH of a buffer - correct answer pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) acidosis - correct answer below 7.35 pH alkylosis - correct answer above 7.44 pH pH given CO2 - correct answer pH = 6.1 + log ([HCO3-]/0.03 PaCO2) Biological compounds - correct answer CHNOPS Alcohol - correct answer -CH2-OH Aldehyde - correct answer O=C-H Ketone - correct answer O=C Carboxylic Acid - correct answer O=C-OH Ether - correct answer O-C-O Acid anyhydride - correct answer O=C-O-C=O Sulfhydryl group - correct answer -SH Disulfide - correct answer S-S Amino group - correct answer -NH2 Quaternary amine - correct answer N+-(CH3)3 Ester - correct answer O=C-O-C Thioester - correct answer O=C-S-C Phosphoester - correct answer O=P-O-C Amide - correct answer O=C-NH Monosaccharide - correct answer A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. Empirical formula of CH2O. Enantiomer - correct answer Non-superimposable mirror image Diastereomers - correct answer same molecular formula but not mirror image Epimers - correct answer different by only one stereocenter Peptides - correct answer Short polymers of 2 to 20 AA Polypeptides - correct answer longer polymers of 20 to 80 AA Proteins - correct answer longest polymers of longer than 80 AA Variations in primary structure of proteins - correct answer invariant to hyper-variant resulting in changes to structure/function.