Asexual reproduction
● Involves only one parent organism.
● Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
● No need for gametes.
● Methods include binary fission, budding, and spore formation.
Binary fission Budding
● type of asexual reproduction.
A A
● small bud forms on the parent.
● The parent cell splits into two equal offspring. ● The bud eventually detaches and develops into a
● Common in bacteria and amoeba. new organism.
● DNA replicates before division. ● Seen in hydra, yeast, and some plants.
● The offspring is genetically identical to the parent.
Fragmentation Spore formation
● T he organism splits into pieces, each forming a ● O rganisms produce spores, which are resistant to
new one. harsh conditions.
● Each fragment grows into a complete individual. ● Spores develop into new individuals when
● Found in starfish, sponges, and some worms. conditions improve.
● Asexual reproduction method. ● Found in fungi, mosses, and ferns.
● A type of asexual reproduction.
Vegetative reproduction
● ew plants grow from vegetative parts like roots or stems.
N
● No need for seeds or gametes.
● Offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant.
● Examples include runners, tubers, and bulbs.
Natural vegetative propagation
Reproduction by stem
● ew plants grow from modified stems like runners or tubers.
N
● Examples include potatoes and strawberries.
● It’s a type of vegetative reproduction.
● The stem develops into a new plant.
, Reproduction by leaf
● ew plants grow from leaves.
N
● Some plants like bryophyllum grow new plants from leaf margins.
● It’s a type of vegetative reproduction.
● Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Reproduction by root
● ew plants grow from roots.
N
● Examples include sweet potatoes and dandelions.
● It’s a form of vegetative reproduction.
● Roots develop shoots that grow into new plants.
Advantages of vegetative propagation Disadvantages of vegetative propagation
● P lants are genetically identical to the N
● o genetic variation in offspring.
parent. ● Can spread diseases from parent to
● It allows quick and efficient offspring.
reproduction. ● Over time, plants may weaken.
● It doesn’t require seeds or flowers. ● It requires suitable environmental
● Ideal for cloning plants with desirable conditions.
traits.
Artificial vegetative reproduction
● uman intervention is used to propagate plants.
H
● Methods include cutting, grafting, and layering.
● It produces desired plant varieties.
● It’s faster than seed-based reproduction.
Cutting Layering
● piece of a plant’s stem or root is cut and planted.
A A
● stem is bent to the ground to root in soil.
● It grows into a new plant with roots. ● The rooted part is separated and grows into a new
● Used in many plants like roses and sugarcane. plant.
● A common method of artificial vegetative ● Common in plants like jasmine and grapevines.
reproduction. ● It’s an artificial method of vegetative reproduction.
● Involves only one parent organism.
● Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
● No need for gametes.
● Methods include binary fission, budding, and spore formation.
Binary fission Budding
● type of asexual reproduction.
A A
● small bud forms on the parent.
● The parent cell splits into two equal offspring. ● The bud eventually detaches and develops into a
● Common in bacteria and amoeba. new organism.
● DNA replicates before division. ● Seen in hydra, yeast, and some plants.
● The offspring is genetically identical to the parent.
Fragmentation Spore formation
● T he organism splits into pieces, each forming a ● O rganisms produce spores, which are resistant to
new one. harsh conditions.
● Each fragment grows into a complete individual. ● Spores develop into new individuals when
● Found in starfish, sponges, and some worms. conditions improve.
● Asexual reproduction method. ● Found in fungi, mosses, and ferns.
● A type of asexual reproduction.
Vegetative reproduction
● ew plants grow from vegetative parts like roots or stems.
N
● No need for seeds or gametes.
● Offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant.
● Examples include runners, tubers, and bulbs.
Natural vegetative propagation
Reproduction by stem
● ew plants grow from modified stems like runners or tubers.
N
● Examples include potatoes and strawberries.
● It’s a type of vegetative reproduction.
● The stem develops into a new plant.
, Reproduction by leaf
● ew plants grow from leaves.
N
● Some plants like bryophyllum grow new plants from leaf margins.
● It’s a type of vegetative reproduction.
● Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Reproduction by root
● ew plants grow from roots.
N
● Examples include sweet potatoes and dandelions.
● It’s a form of vegetative reproduction.
● Roots develop shoots that grow into new plants.
Advantages of vegetative propagation Disadvantages of vegetative propagation
● P lants are genetically identical to the N
● o genetic variation in offspring.
parent. ● Can spread diseases from parent to
● It allows quick and efficient offspring.
reproduction. ● Over time, plants may weaken.
● It doesn’t require seeds or flowers. ● It requires suitable environmental
● Ideal for cloning plants with desirable conditions.
traits.
Artificial vegetative reproduction
● uman intervention is used to propagate plants.
H
● Methods include cutting, grafting, and layering.
● It produces desired plant varieties.
● It’s faster than seed-based reproduction.
Cutting Layering
● piece of a plant’s stem or root is cut and planted.
A A
● stem is bent to the ground to root in soil.
● It grows into a new plant with roots. ● The rooted part is separated and grows into a new
● Used in many plants like roses and sugarcane. plant.
● A common method of artificial vegetative ● Common in plants like jasmine and grapevines.
reproduction. ● It’s an artificial method of vegetative reproduction.
