Test Bank for Clayton-s Basic Pharmacology for Nurses 10th & 18h Edition By Bruce Clayton ( in Bundle).pdf

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Chapter 02: Basic Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions Willihnganz:
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Clayton’s Basic Pharmacology for Nurses, 18th Edition
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MULTIPLEpCHOICE

1. Thepnursepassessesphivespinpappatientpstartedponpapnewpmedication.pWhatpispthepnurse’spprioritypa
ction?
a. Notifypphysicianpofpallergicpreaction.
b. Notifypphysicianpofpidiosyncraticpreaction.
c. Notifypphysicianpofppotentialpteratogenicity.
d. Notifypphysicianpofppotentialptolerance.

ANS:p A
Anpallergicpreactionpispindicativepofphypersensitivitypandpmanifestspwithphivespand/orpurticaria,pw
hichparepeasilypidentified.pAnpidiosyncraticpreactionpoccurspwhenpsomethingpunusualporpabnormal
phappenspwhenpapdrugpispfirstpadministered.pApteratogenicpreactionprefersptopthe

occurrencepofpbirthpdefectsprelatedptopadministrationpofpthepdrug.pToleranceprefersptopthepbody’spre
quirementpforpincreasingpdosagesptopachievepthepsamepeffectspthatpaplowerpdoseponcepdid.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pApplication REF:p p.p17
OBJ:p 4pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pAssessment CON:p ClinicalpJudgmentp|pSafety

2. Thepnursepadministerspanpinitialpdosepofpapsteroidptopappatientpwithpasthma.pThirtypminutespafterpa
dministration,pthepnursepfindsptheppatientpagitatedpandpstatingpthatp“everyonepispoutptopgetpme.”pW
hatpisptheptermpforpthispunusualpreaction?
a. Desiredpaction
b. Adversepeffect
c. Idiosyncraticpreaction
d. Allergicpreaction

ANS:p C
Idiosyncraticpreactionsparepunusual,pabnormalpreactionspthatpoccurpwhenpapdrugpispfirstpadminister
ed.pPatientsptypicallypexhibitpanpoverresponsivenessptopapmedicationprelatedptopdiminishedpmetab
olism.pThesepreactionsparepbelievedptopbeprelatedptopgeneticpenzymepdeficiencies.pDesiredpactionsp
arepexpectedpresponsesptopapmedication.pAdversepeffectsparepreactionspthatpoccurpinpanotherpsyste
mpofpthepbody;ptheyparepusuallyppredictable.pAllergicpreactionspappearpafterprepeatedpmedicationp
dosages.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pKnowledge REF:p p.p18
OBJ:p 4pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pEvaluation
CON:p PatientpEducationp|pClinicalpJudgmentp|pCaregivingp|pSafetyp|pSensorypPerception

3. Whichpispthepbestpdescriptionpofpwhenpdrugpinteractionspoccur?
a. Onpadministrationpofptoxicpdosagespofpapdrug
b. Onpanpincreasepinptheppharmacodynamicspofpboundpdrugs
c. Onpthepalterationpofpthepeffectpofponepdrugpbypanotherpdrug
d. Onpincreasepofpdrugpexcretion

ANS:p C

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Drugpinteractionspmaypbepcharacterizedpbypanpincreaseporpdecreasepinpthepeffectivenesspofponepor
pbothpofpthepdrugs.pToxicitypofponepdrugpmayporpmaypnotpaffectpthepmetabolismpofpanotherpone.p

Drugpinteractionspmaypresultpfrompeitherpincreasedporpdecreasedppharmacodynamics.
Drugpinteractionspmaypresultpfrompeitherpincreasedporpdecreasedpexcretion.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pComprehension REF:p p.p18
OBJ:p 5pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pAssessment CON:p Safetyp|pPatientpEducationp|pClinicalpJudgment

4. Whatpoccurspwhenptwopdrugspcompetepforpthepsamepreceptorpsite,presultingpinpincreasedpa
ctivitypofpthepfirstpdrug?
a. Desiredpaction
b. Synergisticpeffect
c. Carcinogenicity
d. Displacement
ANS:p D
Thepdisplacementpofpthepfirstpdrugpfrompreceptorpsitespbypapsecondpdrugpincreasespthepamountpofp
thepfirstpdrugpbecausepmorepunboundpdrugpispavailable.pAnpexpectedpresponsepofpapdrugpispthepde
siredpaction.pApsynergisticpeffectpispthepeffectpofptwopdrugspbeingpgreaterpthanpthepeffectpofpeachpc
hemicalpindividuallyporpthepsumpofpthepindividualpeffects.pCarcinogenicitypispthepabilitypofpapdru
gptopcausepcellsptopmutatepandpbecomepcancerous.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pComprehension REF:p p.p19
OBJ:p 6pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pImplementation CON:p Safetyp|pPatientpEducation

5. Whatpdopdrugpbloodplevelspindicate?
a. Theypconfirmpifptheppatientpisptakingpapgenericpformpofpapdrug.
b. Theypdeterminepifptheppatientphaspsufficientpbodypfatptopmetabolizepthepdrug.
c. Theypverifypifptheppatientpisptakingpsomeonepelse’spmedications.
d. Theypdeterminepifpthepamountpofpdrugpinpthepbodypispinpaptherapeuticprange.

ANS:p D
Thepamountpofpdrugppresentpmaypvarypoverptimepandpthepbloodplevelpmustpremainpinpaptherapeuti
cprangepinporderptopobtainpthepdesiredpresult.pGenericpdrugspdopnotpnecessarilypproducepapdiffere
ntpdrugpbloodplevelpthanpproprietarypmedications.pBodypfatpispnotpmeasuredpbypdrugpbloodplevel
s.pDrugpbloodplevelsponlypmeasurepthepamountpofpdrugpinpthepbody;ptheypdopnotpdeterminepthepso
urcepofpthepmedication.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pComprehension REF:p p.p17
OBJ:p 3pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pEvaluation CON:p ClinicalpJudgmentp|pSafety

6. Whatpispthepprocesspbypwhichpapdrugpisptransportedpbypcirculatingpbodypfluidsptopreceptorpsites?
a. Osmosis
b. Distribution
c. Absorption
d. Biotransformation
ANS:p B

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Distributionprefersptopthepwayspinpwhichpdrugspareptransportedpbypthepcirculatingpbodypfluidsptopt
hepsitespofpactionp(receptors),pmetabolism,pandpexcretion.pOsmosispispthepprocesspofpmovingpsol
utionpacrosspapsemipermeablepmembraneptopequalizepthepdilutionponpeachpside.pAbsorptionpispth
epprocesspbypwhichpapdrugpisptransferredpfrompitspsitepofpentrypintopthepbodyptopthepcirculatingpflu
idspforpdistribution.pBiotransformation,palsopcalledpmetabolism,pispthepprocesspbypwhichpthepbod
ypinactivatespdrugs.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pComprehension REF:p p.p15
OBJ:p 3pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pPlanning CON:p PatientpEducationp|pClinicalpJudgmentp|pSafety

7. Thepnursepassessespwhichpbloodplevelptopdeterminepthepamountpofpcirculatingpmedicationpinpapp
atient?
a. Peak
b. Trough
c. Drug
d. Therapeutic
ANS:p C
Whenpapdrugpispcirculatingpinpthepblood,papbloodpsamplepmaypbepdrawnpandpassayedptopdetermin
epthepamountpofpdrugppresent;pthispispknownpaspthepdrugpbloodplevel.pPeakplevelspareponlypthosepd
rugpbloodplevelspthatparepatptheirpmaximumpbeforepmetabolismpstartsptopdecreasepthepamountpofp
circulatingpdrug.pTroughplevelspareponlypthosepdrugpbloodplevelspthatparepatptheirpminimumpwhen
pmetabolismphaspdecreasedpthepamountpofpcirculatingpdrugpandpbeforepanpincreasepcausedpbypaps

ubsequentpdosepofpthepmedication.pTherapeuticplevelspareponlypthosepwithinpapprescribedprangep
ofpbloodplevelspdeterminedptopbringpaboutpeffectivepactionpofpthepmedication.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pComprehension REF:p p.p17
OBJ:p 3pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pEvaluation CON:p PatientpEducationp|pClinicalpJudgmentp|pSafety

8. Thepnursepadministersp50pmgpofpapdrugpatp6:00pAMpthatphaspaphalf-
lifepofp8phours.pWhatptimepwillpitpbepwhenp25pmgpofpthepdrugphaspbeenpeliminatedpfrompthepbod
y?
a. 8:00pAM
b. 11:00pAM
c. 2:00pPM
d. 6:00pPM
ANS:p C
Fiftyppercentpofpthepmedication,porp25pmg,pwillpbepeliminatedpinp8phours,porpatp2:00pPM.p8:00pA
Mpisp2phourspafterpadministration;pthephalf-
lifepisp8phours.p11:00pAMpisp4phourspafterpadministration;pthephalf-
lifepisp8phours.p6:00pPMpisp12phourspafterpadministration;pthephalf-lifepisp8phours.

DIF: CognitivepLevel:pAnalysis REF:p p.p15
OBJ:p 2pNAT:p NCLEXpClientpNeedspCategory:pPhysiologicalpInteg
rity
TOP:p NursingpProcesspStep:pEvaluation
CON:p ClinicalpJudgmentp|pSafetyp|pEliminationp|pHealthpPromotion

9. Whatpwillpthepnursepneedptopdeterminepfirstpinporderptopmixptwopdrugspinpthepsamepsyringe?

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