NUR 354 Exam 3 Pharm2 Questions And Answers
With Real Tests
What is hyperlipidemia?
Excess amount of lipids in the blood and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What is atherosclerosis?
A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls
What is a lipid panel?
A common blood test that healthcare providers use to monitor and screen for your risk of cardiovascular
disease
What is the normal lab value for total cholesterol?
< 200 mg/dL
What are triglycerides?
-Type of lipid that contains three fatty acids and a chemical backbone of glycerol
-Account for 90% of total lipids in the body
What is VLDL?
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
-Lipid-carrying particle that is converted to LDL in the liver
What is the normal lab value for triglycerides?
< 150 mg/dL
What cholesterol is considered the "bad cholesterol"?
LDL
What is LDL?
Low-density lipoprotein
-Lipid-carrying particle that contains relatively low amounts of protein and high amounts of cholesterol
-Considered to be "bad" cholesterol
What is the normal lab value for LDL?
< 100 mg/dL
What cholesterol is considered the "good cholesterol"?
HDL
What is HDL?
,High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
-Lipid-carrying particle in the blood that contains high amounts of protein and lower amounts of
cholesterol
-Considered to be "good" cholesterol
What is the normal lab value for HDL?
> 50 mg/dL
What is the first line treatment for hyperlipidemia?
Lifestyle modifications
What lifestyle changes would you recommend for a patient with hyperlipidemia?
-Maintain weight at an optimal level
-Implement a medically supervised exercise plan
-Reduce dietary saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol
-Increase soluble fiber in the diet, such as that found in oat bran, apples, beans, and broccoli
-Eliminate tobacco use
What diagnostic criteria are used to determine the need for hyperlipidemia medication?
-LDL
-Sometimes on ASCVD
What is the goal with HDL therapy?
Lower LDL
What organ is responsible for the destruction of cholesterol?
Liver
What is the goal for LDL level?
< 100 mg/dL
What class of medications is the first line pharmacotherapeutic for hyperlipidemia?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
What are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors also known as?
Statins
What are examples of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
-Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
-Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
-Simvastatin (Zocor)
What is the MOA of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (enzyme),
which results in decreased LDL
, What is the indication of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
-First line treatment for hyperlipidemia
-Prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients
Are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors safe to take during pregnancy?
It is not recommended, however, the benefit versus the risk must be considered
What does a female of child bearing age need if on a statin?
Contraceptive
What is the preferred time for certain statins to be taken?
HS (at bedtime)
Why should statins be taken at night?
Many statins work more effectively when they are taken at night because that is when cholesterol
synthesis occurs in the body
What is one of the most common side effects of statin therapy?
Muscle or joint pain
What can muscle aches lead to while a patient is taking a statin?
Rhabdomyolysis
What is rhabdomyolysis?
-Breakdown of muscle fibers, usually due to muscle trauma or ischemia
-Can be fatal
What is an adverse effect of statins?
Hepatotoxicity
What are examples of bile acid sequestrants?
-Cholestyramine (Questran)
-Colesevelam (Welchol)
What is the MOA of bile acid sequestrants?
Bind bile acids, thus increasing the excretion of cholesterol in the stool
What is the indication of bile acid sequestrants?
Hyperlipidemia
What is an adverse effect of bile acid sequestrants?
Constipation
When should bile acid sequestrants be taken?
With Real Tests
What is hyperlipidemia?
Excess amount of lipids in the blood and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What is atherosclerosis?
A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls
What is a lipid panel?
A common blood test that healthcare providers use to monitor and screen for your risk of cardiovascular
disease
What is the normal lab value for total cholesterol?
< 200 mg/dL
What are triglycerides?
-Type of lipid that contains three fatty acids and a chemical backbone of glycerol
-Account for 90% of total lipids in the body
What is VLDL?
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
-Lipid-carrying particle that is converted to LDL in the liver
What is the normal lab value for triglycerides?
< 150 mg/dL
What cholesterol is considered the "bad cholesterol"?
LDL
What is LDL?
Low-density lipoprotein
-Lipid-carrying particle that contains relatively low amounts of protein and high amounts of cholesterol
-Considered to be "bad" cholesterol
What is the normal lab value for LDL?
< 100 mg/dL
What cholesterol is considered the "good cholesterol"?
HDL
What is HDL?
,High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
-Lipid-carrying particle in the blood that contains high amounts of protein and lower amounts of
cholesterol
-Considered to be "good" cholesterol
What is the normal lab value for HDL?
> 50 mg/dL
What is the first line treatment for hyperlipidemia?
Lifestyle modifications
What lifestyle changes would you recommend for a patient with hyperlipidemia?
-Maintain weight at an optimal level
-Implement a medically supervised exercise plan
-Reduce dietary saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol
-Increase soluble fiber in the diet, such as that found in oat bran, apples, beans, and broccoli
-Eliminate tobacco use
What diagnostic criteria are used to determine the need for hyperlipidemia medication?
-LDL
-Sometimes on ASCVD
What is the goal with HDL therapy?
Lower LDL
What organ is responsible for the destruction of cholesterol?
Liver
What is the goal for LDL level?
< 100 mg/dL
What class of medications is the first line pharmacotherapeutic for hyperlipidemia?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
What are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors also known as?
Statins
What are examples of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
-Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
-Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
-Simvastatin (Zocor)
What is the MOA of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (enzyme),
which results in decreased LDL
, What is the indication of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
-First line treatment for hyperlipidemia
-Prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients
Are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors safe to take during pregnancy?
It is not recommended, however, the benefit versus the risk must be considered
What does a female of child bearing age need if on a statin?
Contraceptive
What is the preferred time for certain statins to be taken?
HS (at bedtime)
Why should statins be taken at night?
Many statins work more effectively when they are taken at night because that is when cholesterol
synthesis occurs in the body
What is one of the most common side effects of statin therapy?
Muscle or joint pain
What can muscle aches lead to while a patient is taking a statin?
Rhabdomyolysis
What is rhabdomyolysis?
-Breakdown of muscle fibers, usually due to muscle trauma or ischemia
-Can be fatal
What is an adverse effect of statins?
Hepatotoxicity
What are examples of bile acid sequestrants?
-Cholestyramine (Questran)
-Colesevelam (Welchol)
What is the MOA of bile acid sequestrants?
Bind bile acids, thus increasing the excretion of cholesterol in the stool
What is the indication of bile acid sequestrants?
Hyperlipidemia
What is an adverse effect of bile acid sequestrants?
Constipation
When should bile acid sequestrants be taken?
