1
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 10TH EDITION,
BY JOSEPH DIPIRO & 5 MORE
ALL CHAPTERS 1-144| 18 UNITS| LATEST VERSION WITH VERIFIED AND DETAILED ANSWERS
, 2
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES _____________________________________________ 8
CHAPTER 1: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION USE ________________________________ 8
CHAPTER 2: CULTURAL COMPETENCY _____________________________________________ 20
CHAPTER 3: MEDICATION SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES ______________________ 28
CHAPTER 4: CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS _______________ 39
CHAPTER 5: PHARMACOGENETICS ________________________________________________ 46
CHAPTER 6: PEDIATRICS _________________________________________________________ 54
CHAPTER 7: GERIATRICS _________________________________________________________ 65
CHAPTER 8: PALLIATIVE CARE ____________________________________________________ 73
CHAPTER 9: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY _______________________________________________ 83
CHAPTER 10: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM-RELATED
CONDITIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 90
SECTION 2: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ___________________________________ 98
CHAPTER 11: CARDIOVASCULAR TESTING__________________________________________ 98
CHAPTER 12: CARDIAC ARREST __________________________________________________ 100
CHAPTER 13: HYPERTENSION ____________________________________________________ 105
CHAPTER 14: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ___________________________________________ 113
CHAPTER 15: ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE ____________________________ 118
CHAPTER 16: STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE __________________________________ 124
CHAPTER 17: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES _____________________________________ 131
CHAPTER 18: THE ARRHYTHMIAS _________________________________________________ 139
CHAPTER 19: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM _______________________________________ 142
CHAPTER 20: STROKE___________________________________________________________ 147
CHAPTER 21: DYSLIPIDEMIA _____________________________________________________ 154
CHAPTER 22: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ____________________________________ 158
CHAPTER 23: USE OF VASOPRESSORS AND INOTROPES IN THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF
SHOCK ________________________________________________________________________ 164
CHAPTER 24: HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK ______________________________________________ 169
, 3
CHAPTER 25: INTRODUCTION TO PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTING ___________________ 174
SECTION 3: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ______________________________________ 179
CHAPTER 26: ASTHMA __________________________________________________________ 179
CHAPTER 27: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE _______________________ 183
CHAPTER 28: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ______________________________ 187
CHAPTER 29: CYSTIC FIBROSIS __________________________________________________ 190
CHAPTER 30: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES ______________________________ 193
SECTION 4: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS _________________________________ 197
CHAPTER 31: EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ______________________ 197
CHAPTER 32: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE _____________________________ 201
CHAPTER 33: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS ____________________ 205
CHAPTER 34: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ____________________________________ 209
CHAPTER 35: NAUSEA AND VOMITING _____________________________________________ 213
CHAPTER 36: DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME _________ 217
CHAPTER 37: PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS _____________________________ 222
CHAPTER 38: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE ______________________________________ 226
CHAPTER 39: PANCREATITIS _____________________________________________________ 229
CHAPTER 40: VIRAL HEPATITIS ___________________________________________________ 232
CHAPTER 41: CELIAC DISEASE ___________________________________________________ 237
SECTION 5: RENAL DISORDERS _____________________________________________ 241
CHAPTER 42: EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION __________________________________ 241
CHAPTER 43: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY _____________________________________________ 246
CHAPTER 44: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE __________________________________________ 251
CHAPTER 45: HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ___________________________ 256
CHAPTER 46: DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE ____________________________________ 261
CHAPTER 47: GLOMERULONEPHRITIS _____________________________________________ 264
CHAPTER 48: DRUG THERAPY INDIVIDUALIZATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY
DISEASE_______________________________________________________________________ 268
CHAPTER 49: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS ___________________ 273
CHAPTER 50: DISORDERS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS ____________ 278
CHAPTER 51: DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS ___________ 282
, 4
CHAPTER 52: ACID–BASE DISORDERS ____________________________________________ 286
SECTION 6: NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 293
CHAPTER 53: EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGIC ILLNESS ______________________________ 293
CHAPTER 54: ALZHEIMER DISEASE _______________________________________________ 297
CHAPTER 55: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ______________________________________________ 302
CHAPTER 56: EPILEPSY _________________________________________________________ 307
CHAPTER 57: STATUS EPILEPTICUS ______________________________________________ 310
CHAPTER 58: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF THE BRAIN INJURY PATIENT _________________ 314
CHAPTER 59: PARKINSON DISEASE _______________________________________________ 318
CHAPTER 60: PAIN MANAGEMENT ________________________________________________ 322
CHAPTER 61: HEADACHE DISORDERS _____________________________________________ 326
SECTION 7: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 329
CHAPTER 62: ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ___________________________ 329
CHAPTER 63: ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER _______________________ 335
CHAPTER 64: EATING DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 340
CHAPTER 65: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS I: OVERVIEW AND DEPRESSANTS,
STIMULANTS, AND HALLUCINOGENS ______________________________________________ 344
CHAPTER 66: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE
______________________________________________________________________________ 349
CHAPTER 67: SCHIZOPHRENIA ___________________________________________________ 354
CHAPTER 68: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER _____________________________________ 360
CHAPTER 69: BIPOLAR DISORDER ________________________________________________ 363
CHAPTER 70: ANXIETY DISORDERS: GENERALIZED ANXIETY, PANIC, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY
DISORDERS ____________________________________________________________________ 367
CHAPTER 71: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER _____________________________________________________________________ 372
CHAPTER 72: SLEEP–WAKE DISORDERS __________________________________________ 377
CHAPTER 73: DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ___________ 380
SECTION 8: ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________________________ 385
CHAPTER 74: DIABETES MELLITUS _______________________________________________ 385
CHAPTER 75: THYROID DISORDERS _______________________________________________ 391
CHAPTER 76: ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS _______________________________________ 396
, 5
CHAPTER 77: PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS ______________________________________ 399
SECTION 9: GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC DISORDERS ______________________ 403
CHAPTER 78: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS ________ 403
CHAPTER 79: CONTRACEPTION __________________________________________________ 407
CHAPTER 80: MENSTRUATION-RELATED DISORDERS _______________________________ 413
CHAPTER 81: ENDOMETRIOSIS ___________________________________________________ 418
CHAPTER 82: HORMONE THERAPY IN WOMEN _____________________________________ 422
SECTION 10: UROLOGIC DISORDERS ________________________________________ 426
CHAPTER 83: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ____________________________________________ 426
CHAPTER 84: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA ___________________________________ 431
CHAPTER 85: URINARY INCONTINENCE ____________________________________________ 436
SECTION 11: IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS _____________________________________ 439
CHAPTER 86: FUNCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM _________________ 439
CHAPTER 87: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS _________________________________ 451
CHAPTER 88: DRUG ALLERGY ____________________________________________________ 454
CHAPTER 89: SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ___________________________________ 457
SECTION 12: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________________________ 462
CHAPTER 90: OSTEOARTHRITIS __________________________________________________ 462
CHAPTER 91: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ____________________________________________ 467
CHAPTER 92: OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOMALACIA ________________________________ 471
CHAPTER 93: GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA _________________________________________ 476
SECTION 13: OPHTHALMIC AND OTOLARYNGOLOGICAL DISORDERS ____________ 477
CHAPTER 94: GLAUCOMA _______________________________________________________ 477
CHAPTER 95: ALLERGIC RHINITIS _________________________________________________ 487
SECTION 14: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ___________________________________ 492
CHAPTER 96: ACNE VULGARIS ___________________________________________________ 492
CHAPTER 97: PSORIASIS ________________________________________________________ 494
CHAPTER 98: ATOPIC DERMATITIS ________________________________________________ 496
CHAPTER 99: DERMATOLOGIC DRUG REACTIONS AND COMMON SKIN CONDITIONS ____ 498
SECTION 15: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ____________________________________ 508
, 6
CHAPTER 100: ANEMIAS _________________________________________________________ 508
CHAPTER 101: COAGULATION DISORDERS ________________________________________ 521
CHAPTER 102: SICKLE CELL DISEASE _____________________________________________ 524
CHAPTER 103: DRUG-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________________ 528
SECTION 16: INFECTIOUS DISEASES _________________________________________ 532
CHAPTER 104: LABORATORY TESTS TO DIRECT ANTIMICROBIAL PHARMACOTHERAPY _ 532
CHAPTER 105: ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN SELECTION _______________________________ 537
CHAPTER 106: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS ____________________________ 549
CHAPTER 107: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________________________ 553
CHAPTER 108: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________________________ 562
CHAPTER 109: INFLUENZA _______________________________________________________ 566
CHAPTER 110: SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS ________________________________ 570
CHAPTER 111: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS _________________________________________ 576
CHAPTER 112: TUBERCULOSIS ___________________________________________________ 581
CHAPTER 113: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC POISONINGS _ 586
CHAPTER 114: INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS ____________________________________ 591
CHAPTER 115: PARASITIC DISEASES ______________________________________________ 595
CHAPTER 116: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND PROSTATITIS ______________________ 603
CHAPTER 117: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ________________________________ 608
CHAPTER 118: BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS ______________________________________ 626
CHAPTER 119: SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK ________________________________________ 630
CHAPTER 120: SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS _________________________________ 634
CHAPTER 121: INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS _____________________________________ 637
CHAPTER 122: INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS ____________________ 644
CHAPTER 123: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY _________________________ 648
CHAPTER 124: TRAVEL HEALTH __________________________________________________ 652
CHAPTER 125: VACCINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS _________________________________ 656
CHAPTER 126: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION _______________________ 661
SECTION 17: ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 665
CHAPTER 127: CANCER TREATMENT AND CHEMOTHERAPY _________________________ 665
CHAPTER 128: BREAST CANCER _________________________________________________ 670
, 7
CHAPTER 129: LUNG CANCER ____________________________________________________ 675
CHAPTER 130: COLORECTAL CANCER ____________________________________________ 676
CHAPTER 131: PROSTATE CANCER _______________________________________________ 681
CHAPTER 132: LYMPHOMAS _____________________________________________________ 682
CHAPTER 133: OVARIAN CANCER ________________________________________________ 684
CHAPTER 134: ACUTE LEUKEMIAS ________________________________________________ 692
CHAPTER 135: CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS _____________________________________________ 696
CHAPTER 136: MULTIPLE MYELOMA ______________________________________________ 699
CHAPTER 137: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES ___________________________________ 703
CHAPTER 138: RENAL CELL CARCINOMA __________________________________________ 708
CHAPTER 139: MELANOMA ______________________________________________________ 716
CHAPTER 140: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION _____________________ 723
SECTION 18: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS ______________________________________ 734
CHAPTER 141: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION STATUS AND NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS __ 734
CHAPTER 142: PARENTERAL NUTRITION __________________________________________ 739
CHAPTER 143: ENTERAL NUTRITION ______________________________________________ 749
CHAPTER 144: OBESITY _________________________________________________________ 753
, 8
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES
CHAPTER 1: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION
USE
JOSEPH DIPIRO: PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 10TH
EDITION| TENTH EDITION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHAT TIME WILL THE TROUGH BLOOD LEVEL NEED TO BE DRAWN IF
THE NURSE ADMINISTERS THE INTRAVENOUS MEDICATION DOSE AT
9:00 AM?
A. 6:30 AM
B. 8:30 AM
C. 9:30 AM
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 9
D. 11:30 AM
CORRECT ANS:>B
TROUGH BLOOD LEVELS MEASURE THE LOWEST BLOOD LEVEL OF
MEDICINE AND ARE OBTAINED JUST BEFORE THE DOSE IS
ADMINISTERED. IN THIS CASE, 6:30 AM IS TOO EARLY TO OBTAIN THE
BLOOD LEVEL. THE OTHER TWO TIMES OCCUR AFTER THE MEDICATION
IS ADMINISTERED.
A. 6:30 AM IS TOO EARLY AS IT IS WELL BEFORE THE SCHEDULED DOSE.
C. 9:30 AM AND D. 11:30 AM ARE BOTH AFTER THE DOSE HAS BEEN
ADMINISTERED, SO THEY ARE NOT APPROPRIATE TIMES FOR THE
TROUGH BLOOD LEVEL.
2. WHAT WILL THE NURSE EXPECT THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
ORDER TO BE WHEN STARTING AN OLDER ADULT PATIENT ON THYROID
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY?
A. ADMINISTERING A LOADING DOSE OF THE DRUG
B. DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO TAPER THE DRUG
C. A DOSAGE THAT IS ONE THIRD TO ONE HALF OF THE REGULAR
DOSAGE
D. A DOSAGE THAT IS DOUBLE THE REGULAR DOSAGE
CORRECT ANS:>C
TO PREVENT TOXICITY, DOSAGES FOR NEW MEDICATIONS IN OLDER
ADULTS SHOULD BE ONE THIRD TO ONE HALF THE AMOUNT OF A
STANDARD ADULT DOSAGE. LOADING DOSES OF DRUGS COULD CAUSE
SEVERE TOXICITY. TAPERING OFF IS CHARACTERISTIC OF
DISCONTINUATION OF MEDICATIONS AND IS NOT APPROPRIATE FOR
THIS SITUATION. OLDER ADULTS GENERALLY NEED A LOWER
MEDICATION DOSAGE THAN YOUNGER PATIENTS.
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 10
A. ADMINISTERING A LOADING DOSE COULD CAUSE TOXICITY, WHICH IS
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR OLDER ADULTS.
B. DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO TAPER THE DRUG ARE USED FOR
DISCONTINUATION OF MEDICATION, NOT FOR INITIATION.
D. A DOSAGE THAT IS DOUBLE THE REGULAR DOSAGE WOULD BE
DANGEROUS, ESPECIALLY FOR OLDER ADULTS WHO HAVE A SLOWER
METABOLISM.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLICATION REF: P. 29 OBJ: 3 TOP: NURSING
PROCESS STEP: IMPLEMENTATION
MSC: NCLEX CLIENT NEEDS CATEGORY: PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
3. WHICH DRUGS CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS?
A. TERATOGENS
B. CARCINOGENS
C. METABOLITES
D. PLACEBOS CORRECT ANS:>A
TERATOGENS ARE DRUGS THAT CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS. CARCINOGENS
CAUSE CANCER. METABOLITES ARE THE END PRODUCT OF
METABOLISM. PLACEBOS ARE DRUGS THAT HAVE NO PHARMACOLOGIC
ACTIVITY.
B. CARCINOGENS CAUSE CANCER, NOT BIRTH DEFECTS.
C. METABOLITES ARE THE BYPRODUCTS OF METABOLISM, NOT DRUGS
THAT CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS.
D. PLACEBOS ARE INACTIVE SUBSTANCES THAT DO NOT HAVE ANY
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS, INCLUDING BIRTH DEFECTS.
4. WHICH LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS MAY OCCUR AS A RESULT OF
ASPIRIN (SALICYLATE) ADMINISTRATION DURING VIRAL ILLNESS TO
PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 20 YEARS OF AGE?
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 10TH EDITION,
BY JOSEPH DIPIRO & 5 MORE
ALL CHAPTERS 1-144| 18 UNITS| LATEST VERSION WITH VERIFIED AND DETAILED ANSWERS
, 2
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES _____________________________________________ 8
CHAPTER 1: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION USE ________________________________ 8
CHAPTER 2: CULTURAL COMPETENCY _____________________________________________ 20
CHAPTER 3: MEDICATION SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES ______________________ 28
CHAPTER 4: CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS _______________ 39
CHAPTER 5: PHARMACOGENETICS ________________________________________________ 46
CHAPTER 6: PEDIATRICS _________________________________________________________ 54
CHAPTER 7: GERIATRICS _________________________________________________________ 65
CHAPTER 8: PALLIATIVE CARE ____________________________________________________ 73
CHAPTER 9: CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY _______________________________________________ 83
CHAPTER 10: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM-RELATED
CONDITIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 90
SECTION 2: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS ___________________________________ 98
CHAPTER 11: CARDIOVASCULAR TESTING__________________________________________ 98
CHAPTER 12: CARDIAC ARREST __________________________________________________ 100
CHAPTER 13: HYPERTENSION ____________________________________________________ 105
CHAPTER 14: CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ___________________________________________ 113
CHAPTER 15: ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE ____________________________ 118
CHAPTER 16: STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE __________________________________ 124
CHAPTER 17: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES _____________________________________ 131
CHAPTER 18: THE ARRHYTHMIAS _________________________________________________ 139
CHAPTER 19: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM _______________________________________ 142
CHAPTER 20: STROKE___________________________________________________________ 147
CHAPTER 21: DYSLIPIDEMIA _____________________________________________________ 154
CHAPTER 22: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ____________________________________ 158
CHAPTER 23: USE OF VASOPRESSORS AND INOTROPES IN THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF
SHOCK ________________________________________________________________________ 164
CHAPTER 24: HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK ______________________________________________ 169
, 3
CHAPTER 25: INTRODUCTION TO PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTING ___________________ 174
SECTION 3: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ______________________________________ 179
CHAPTER 26: ASTHMA __________________________________________________________ 179
CHAPTER 27: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE _______________________ 183
CHAPTER 28: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ______________________________ 187
CHAPTER 29: CYSTIC FIBROSIS __________________________________________________ 190
CHAPTER 30: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASES ______________________________ 193
SECTION 4: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS _________________________________ 197
CHAPTER 31: EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ______________________ 197
CHAPTER 32: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE _____________________________ 201
CHAPTER 33: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS ____________________ 205
CHAPTER 34: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ____________________________________ 209
CHAPTER 35: NAUSEA AND VOMITING _____________________________________________ 213
CHAPTER 36: DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME _________ 217
CHAPTER 37: PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS _____________________________ 222
CHAPTER 38: DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE ______________________________________ 226
CHAPTER 39: PANCREATITIS _____________________________________________________ 229
CHAPTER 40: VIRAL HEPATITIS ___________________________________________________ 232
CHAPTER 41: CELIAC DISEASE ___________________________________________________ 237
SECTION 5: RENAL DISORDERS _____________________________________________ 241
CHAPTER 42: EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION __________________________________ 241
CHAPTER 43: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY _____________________________________________ 246
CHAPTER 44: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE __________________________________________ 251
CHAPTER 45: HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ___________________________ 256
CHAPTER 46: DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE ____________________________________ 261
CHAPTER 47: GLOMERULONEPHRITIS _____________________________________________ 264
CHAPTER 48: DRUG THERAPY INDIVIDUALIZATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY
DISEASE_______________________________________________________________________ 268
CHAPTER 49: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS ___________________ 273
CHAPTER 50: DISORDERS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS ____________ 278
CHAPTER 51: DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS ___________ 282
, 4
CHAPTER 52: ACID–BASE DISORDERS ____________________________________________ 286
SECTION 6: NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 293
CHAPTER 53: EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGIC ILLNESS ______________________________ 293
CHAPTER 54: ALZHEIMER DISEASE _______________________________________________ 297
CHAPTER 55: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ______________________________________________ 302
CHAPTER 56: EPILEPSY _________________________________________________________ 307
CHAPTER 57: STATUS EPILEPTICUS ______________________________________________ 310
CHAPTER 58: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF THE BRAIN INJURY PATIENT _________________ 314
CHAPTER 59: PARKINSON DISEASE _______________________________________________ 318
CHAPTER 60: PAIN MANAGEMENT ________________________________________________ 322
CHAPTER 61: HEADACHE DISORDERS _____________________________________________ 326
SECTION 7: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 329
CHAPTER 62: ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ___________________________ 329
CHAPTER 63: ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER _______________________ 335
CHAPTER 64: EATING DISORDERS ________________________________________________ 340
CHAPTER 65: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS I: OVERVIEW AND DEPRESSANTS,
STIMULANTS, AND HALLUCINOGENS ______________________________________________ 344
CHAPTER 66: SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND CAFFEINE
______________________________________________________________________________ 349
CHAPTER 67: SCHIZOPHRENIA ___________________________________________________ 354
CHAPTER 68: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER _____________________________________ 360
CHAPTER 69: BIPOLAR DISORDER ________________________________________________ 363
CHAPTER 70: ANXIETY DISORDERS: GENERALIZED ANXIETY, PANIC, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY
DISORDERS ____________________________________________________________________ 367
CHAPTER 71: POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER _____________________________________________________________________ 372
CHAPTER 72: SLEEP–WAKE DISORDERS __________________________________________ 377
CHAPTER 73: DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ___________ 380
SECTION 8: ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________________________ 385
CHAPTER 74: DIABETES MELLITUS _______________________________________________ 385
CHAPTER 75: THYROID DISORDERS _______________________________________________ 391
CHAPTER 76: ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS _______________________________________ 396
, 5
CHAPTER 77: PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS ______________________________________ 399
SECTION 9: GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC DISORDERS ______________________ 403
CHAPTER 78: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS ________ 403
CHAPTER 79: CONTRACEPTION __________________________________________________ 407
CHAPTER 80: MENSTRUATION-RELATED DISORDERS _______________________________ 413
CHAPTER 81: ENDOMETRIOSIS ___________________________________________________ 418
CHAPTER 82: HORMONE THERAPY IN WOMEN _____________________________________ 422
SECTION 10: UROLOGIC DISORDERS ________________________________________ 426
CHAPTER 83: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ____________________________________________ 426
CHAPTER 84: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA ___________________________________ 431
CHAPTER 85: URINARY INCONTINENCE ____________________________________________ 436
SECTION 11: IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS _____________________________________ 439
CHAPTER 86: FUNCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM _________________ 439
CHAPTER 87: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS _________________________________ 451
CHAPTER 88: DRUG ALLERGY ____________________________________________________ 454
CHAPTER 89: SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ___________________________________ 457
SECTION 12: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________________________ 462
CHAPTER 90: OSTEOARTHRITIS __________________________________________________ 462
CHAPTER 91: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ____________________________________________ 467
CHAPTER 92: OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOMALACIA ________________________________ 471
CHAPTER 93: GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA _________________________________________ 476
SECTION 13: OPHTHALMIC AND OTOLARYNGOLOGICAL DISORDERS ____________ 477
CHAPTER 94: GLAUCOMA _______________________________________________________ 477
CHAPTER 95: ALLERGIC RHINITIS _________________________________________________ 487
SECTION 14: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ___________________________________ 492
CHAPTER 96: ACNE VULGARIS ___________________________________________________ 492
CHAPTER 97: PSORIASIS ________________________________________________________ 494
CHAPTER 98: ATOPIC DERMATITIS ________________________________________________ 496
CHAPTER 99: DERMATOLOGIC DRUG REACTIONS AND COMMON SKIN CONDITIONS ____ 498
SECTION 15: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS ____________________________________ 508
, 6
CHAPTER 100: ANEMIAS _________________________________________________________ 508
CHAPTER 101: COAGULATION DISORDERS ________________________________________ 521
CHAPTER 102: SICKLE CELL DISEASE _____________________________________________ 524
CHAPTER 103: DRUG-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS __________________________ 528
SECTION 16: INFECTIOUS DISEASES _________________________________________ 532
CHAPTER 104: LABORATORY TESTS TO DIRECT ANTIMICROBIAL PHARMACOTHERAPY _ 532
CHAPTER 105: ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN SELECTION _______________________________ 537
CHAPTER 106: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS ____________________________ 549
CHAPTER 107: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________________________ 553
CHAPTER 108: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ___________________________ 562
CHAPTER 109: INFLUENZA _______________________________________________________ 566
CHAPTER 110: SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS ________________________________ 570
CHAPTER 111: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS _________________________________________ 576
CHAPTER 112: TUBERCULOSIS ___________________________________________________ 581
CHAPTER 113: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC POISONINGS _ 586
CHAPTER 114: INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS ____________________________________ 591
CHAPTER 115: PARASITIC DISEASES ______________________________________________ 595
CHAPTER 116: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND PROSTATITIS ______________________ 603
CHAPTER 117: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ________________________________ 608
CHAPTER 118: BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS ______________________________________ 626
CHAPTER 119: SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK ________________________________________ 630
CHAPTER 120: SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS _________________________________ 634
CHAPTER 121: INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS _____________________________________ 637
CHAPTER 122: INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS ____________________ 644
CHAPTER 123: ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGERY _________________________ 648
CHAPTER 124: TRAVEL HEALTH __________________________________________________ 652
CHAPTER 125: VACCINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS _________________________________ 656
CHAPTER 126: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION _______________________ 661
SECTION 17: ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS _______________________________________ 665
CHAPTER 127: CANCER TREATMENT AND CHEMOTHERAPY _________________________ 665
CHAPTER 128: BREAST CANCER _________________________________________________ 670
, 7
CHAPTER 129: LUNG CANCER ____________________________________________________ 675
CHAPTER 130: COLORECTAL CANCER ____________________________________________ 676
CHAPTER 131: PROSTATE CANCER _______________________________________________ 681
CHAPTER 132: LYMPHOMAS _____________________________________________________ 682
CHAPTER 133: OVARIAN CANCER ________________________________________________ 684
CHAPTER 134: ACUTE LEUKEMIAS ________________________________________________ 692
CHAPTER 135: CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS _____________________________________________ 696
CHAPTER 136: MULTIPLE MYELOMA ______________________________________________ 699
CHAPTER 137: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES ___________________________________ 703
CHAPTER 138: RENAL CELL CARCINOMA __________________________________________ 708
CHAPTER 139: MELANOMA ______________________________________________________ 716
CHAPTER 140: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION _____________________ 723
SECTION 18: NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS ______________________________________ 734
CHAPTER 141: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION STATUS AND NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS __ 734
CHAPTER 142: PARENTERAL NUTRITION __________________________________________ 739
CHAPTER 143: ENTERAL NUTRITION ______________________________________________ 749
CHAPTER 144: OBESITY _________________________________________________________ 753
, 8
SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES
CHAPTER 1: HEALTH LITERACY AND MEDICATION
USE
JOSEPH DIPIRO: PHARMACOTHERAPY: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH 10TH
EDITION| TENTH EDITION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHAT TIME WILL THE TROUGH BLOOD LEVEL NEED TO BE DRAWN IF
THE NURSE ADMINISTERS THE INTRAVENOUS MEDICATION DOSE AT
9:00 AM?
A. 6:30 AM
B. 8:30 AM
C. 9:30 AM
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 9
D. 11:30 AM
CORRECT ANS:>B
TROUGH BLOOD LEVELS MEASURE THE LOWEST BLOOD LEVEL OF
MEDICINE AND ARE OBTAINED JUST BEFORE THE DOSE IS
ADMINISTERED. IN THIS CASE, 6:30 AM IS TOO EARLY TO OBTAIN THE
BLOOD LEVEL. THE OTHER TWO TIMES OCCUR AFTER THE MEDICATION
IS ADMINISTERED.
A. 6:30 AM IS TOO EARLY AS IT IS WELL BEFORE THE SCHEDULED DOSE.
C. 9:30 AM AND D. 11:30 AM ARE BOTH AFTER THE DOSE HAS BEEN
ADMINISTERED, SO THEY ARE NOT APPROPRIATE TIMES FOR THE
TROUGH BLOOD LEVEL.
2. WHAT WILL THE NURSE EXPECT THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
ORDER TO BE WHEN STARTING AN OLDER ADULT PATIENT ON THYROID
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY?
A. ADMINISTERING A LOADING DOSE OF THE DRUG
B. DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO TAPER THE DRUG
C. A DOSAGE THAT IS ONE THIRD TO ONE HALF OF THE REGULAR
DOSAGE
D. A DOSAGE THAT IS DOUBLE THE REGULAR DOSAGE
CORRECT ANS:>C
TO PREVENT TOXICITY, DOSAGES FOR NEW MEDICATIONS IN OLDER
ADULTS SHOULD BE ONE THIRD TO ONE HALF THE AMOUNT OF A
STANDARD ADULT DOSAGE. LOADING DOSES OF DRUGS COULD CAUSE
SEVERE TOXICITY. TAPERING OFF IS CHARACTERISTIC OF
DISCONTINUATION OF MEDICATIONS AND IS NOT APPROPRIATE FOR
THIS SITUATION. OLDER ADULTS GENERALLY NEED A LOWER
MEDICATION DOSAGE THAN YOUNGER PATIENTS.
, SECTION 1: FOUNDATION ISSUES 10
A. ADMINISTERING A LOADING DOSE COULD CAUSE TOXICITY, WHICH IS
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR OLDER ADULTS.
B. DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO TAPER THE DRUG ARE USED FOR
DISCONTINUATION OF MEDICATION, NOT FOR INITIATION.
D. A DOSAGE THAT IS DOUBLE THE REGULAR DOSAGE WOULD BE
DANGEROUS, ESPECIALLY FOR OLDER ADULTS WHO HAVE A SLOWER
METABOLISM.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLICATION REF: P. 29 OBJ: 3 TOP: NURSING
PROCESS STEP: IMPLEMENTATION
MSC: NCLEX CLIENT NEEDS CATEGORY: PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
3. WHICH DRUGS CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS?
A. TERATOGENS
B. CARCINOGENS
C. METABOLITES
D. PLACEBOS CORRECT ANS:>A
TERATOGENS ARE DRUGS THAT CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS. CARCINOGENS
CAUSE CANCER. METABOLITES ARE THE END PRODUCT OF
METABOLISM. PLACEBOS ARE DRUGS THAT HAVE NO PHARMACOLOGIC
ACTIVITY.
B. CARCINOGENS CAUSE CANCER, NOT BIRTH DEFECTS.
C. METABOLITES ARE THE BYPRODUCTS OF METABOLISM, NOT DRUGS
THAT CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS.
D. PLACEBOS ARE INACTIVE SUBSTANCES THAT DO NOT HAVE ANY
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS, INCLUDING BIRTH DEFECTS.
4. WHICH LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS MAY OCCUR AS A RESULT OF
ASPIRIN (SALICYLATE) ADMINISTRATION DURING VIRAL ILLNESS TO
PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 20 YEARS OF AGE?
