1 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
MASSAGE THERAPY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 7TH EDITION,
(2025)
BY SUSAN G. SALVO (AUTHOR)
,2 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS FOR PRACTICE, COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE METHODS, AND BUSINESS
PRACTICES_______________________________________________________________________________ 4
CHAPTER 01: HISTORY OF MASSAGE: PREHISTORIC TIMES TO THE MODERN ERA AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES,
ORGANIZATIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. ______________________________________________________________ 4
CHAPTER 02: THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP: ETHICS, CULTURAL COMPETENCIES, AND BOUNDARIES ________ 26
CHAPTER 03: TOOLS OF THE TRADE: TABLES, ACCESSORIES, LINENS, LUBRICANTS, AROMATHERAPY, ESSENTIAL
OILS, AND THE MASSAGE ENVIRONMENT ___________________________________________________________ 43
CHAPTER 04: CAREER LONGEVITY: WELLNESS, WELLBEING, AND SELF-CARE _______________________________ 52
CHAPTER 05: EVIDENCE-INFORMED PRACTICE AND RESEARCH LITERACY ___________________ 67
CHAPTER 06: MASSAGE THERAPY RESEARCH ________________________________________________________ 80
CHAPTER 07: BODY MECHANICS, CLIENT POSITIONING, AND DRAPING ___________________________________ 87
CHAPTER 08: MASSAGE TECHNIQUES, MOBILIZATIONS AND STRETCHES, ENDANGERMENT SITES, AND
CONTRAINDICATIONS __________________________________________________________________________ 102
CHAPTER 09: CONCEPTS OF DISEASE, STANDARD PRECAUTIONS, TRANSMISSION- BASED PRECAUTIONS,
DISINFECTION PROCEDURES, AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ________________________________________ 119
CHAPTER 10: PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS: SCOPE OF PRACTICE, STANDARDS OF CARE, ASSESSMENTS,
DOCUMENTATION, INFORMED CONSENT, TREATMENT PLANNING, AND REFERRALS _______________________ 133
CHAPTER 11: SPECIAL POPULATIONS: MASSAGE FOR PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM CLIENTS, INFANTS, CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS, AGING ADULTS, AND THOSE WITH VISUAL, HEARING, AND MOBILITY IMPAIRMENT ___________ 148
CHAPTER 12: HYDROTHERAPY: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, SPA APPLICATIONS, AND SPA PROCEDURES __________ 163
CHAPTER 13: FOOT REFLEXOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE _________________________________________ 177
CHAPTER 14: CLINICAL MASSAGE: PAIN THEORIES AND PAIN MANAGEMENT, CLINICAL ASSESSMENTS, AND
CLINICAL APPLICATION METHODS ________________________________________________________________ 183
CHAPTER 15: SEATED MASSAGE: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE ___________________________________________ 203
CHAPTER 16: ASIAN BODYWORK THERAPY: SHIATSU, THAI MASSAGE, AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES, AND CHAKRAS __ 208
,3 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
CHAPTER 17: BUSINESS PRACTICES: GETTING STARTED, MARKETING, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, ACCOUNTING,
AND PLANNING _______________________________________________________________________________ 224
UNIT 2: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, KINESIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY ______________________________ 240
CHAPTER 18: INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY, CELLS,
TISSUES, AND BODY COMPASS ______________________________________________________________ 240
CHAPTER 19: SKELETAL SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DISORDERS, AND INJURIES ______________________________ 259
CHAPTER 20: MUSCULAR SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DISORDERS, AND INJURIES_____________________________ 273
CHAPTER 21: KINESIOLOGY ______________________________________________________________________ 287
CHAPTER 22: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, CONDITIONS, AND INJURIES ______________________ 353
CHAPTER 23: NERVOUS SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DISORDERS, AND INJURIES ______________________________ 364
CHAPTER 24: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND PATHOLOGIES _______________________________________________ 388
CHAPTER 25: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, CONDITIONS, AND DISORDERS ______________________ 403
CHAPTER 26: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, AND DISORDERS _______________________________ 418
CHAPTER 27: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, AND CONDITIONS____________________________________ 434
CHAPTER 28: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, CONDITIONS, AND DISORDERS _______________________ 444
CHAPTER 29: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DYSFUNCTIONS, AND DISORDERS ________________________ 456
CHAPTER 30: URINARY SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, AND DISORDERS _______________________________________ 468
,4 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS FOR PRACTICE, COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE
METHODS, AND BUSINESS PRACTICES
CHAPTER 01: HISTORY OF MASSAGE: PREHISTORIC TIMES TO THE MODERN ERA AND
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS.
SUSAN G. SALVO: MASSAGE THERAPY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 7TH EDITION, (2023)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH METHOD IS DEFINED AS MANIPULATION OF SOFT TISSUE USING PRESSURE
AND TRACTION FOR CLINICAL, THERAPEUTIC, AND PALLIATIVE PURPOSES?
A. ACUPUNCTURE
B. AYURVEDA
C. POLARITY THERAPY
D. MASSAGE THERAPY
CORRECT ANS:>D
MASSAGE THERAPY THE MANIPULATION OF SOFT TISSUE USING COMPRESSION AND
DECOMPRESSION/TRACTION FOR CLINICAL, THERAPEUTIC, AND PALLIATIVE
PURPOSES OR FOR WELLNESS AND SELF-CARE PURPOSES.
A. ACUPUNCTURE: INVOLVES INSERTING THIN NEEDLES INTO SPECIFIC POINTS ON
THE BODY TO BALANCE ENERGY, NOT MANIPULATION OF SOFT TISSUE.
B. AYURVEDA: A TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF MEDICINE FROM INDIA THAT INCLUDES
HERBAL REMEDIES, DIET, AND LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS, BUT DOESN'T FOCUS
SOLELY ON SOFT TISSUE MANIPULATION.
C. POLARITY THERAPY: A HOLISTIC HEALING PRACTICE THAT USES TOUCH AND
ENERGY BALANCING BUT IS NOT SPECIFICALLY FOCUSED ON SOFT TISSUE
MANIPULATION.
2. WHICH ORIGIN FOR THE WORD MASSAGE IS GREEK?
A. MASHESH
B. MASSO
C. MASSER
,5 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
D. MAKEH
CORRECT ANS:>B
THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD MASSAGE IS UNCLEAR, BUT CAN BE TRACED TO NUMEROUS
SOURCES: THE HEBREW MASHESH, THE GREEK MASSO AND MASSIN, THE LATIN
MASSA, THE ARABIC MASS’H, THE SANSKRIT MAKEH, AND THE FRENCH MASSER.
A. MASHESH: HEBREW WORD FOR "TO PRESS OR SQUEEZE," ALSO A POTENTIAL
ORIGIN, BUT NOT GREEK.
C. MASSER: NO KNOWN HISTORICAL OR LINGUISTIC CONNECTION TO THE WORD
MASSAGE.
D. MAKEH: SANSKRIT WORD RELATED TO MASSAGE TECHNIQUES BUT NOT GREEK.
3. WHEN WAS THE EARLIEST THE TERM MASSAGE WAS USED BY MOST EUROPEAN-
BASED CULTURES?
A. 1600S
B. 1700S
C. 1800S
D. 1900S
CORRECT ANS:>C
BY THE EARLY 1800S, THE TERM MASSAGE WAS USED BY MOST EUROPEAN-BASED
CULTURES. HISTORICALLY, MASSAGE WAS REFERRED TO BY ITS TECHNIQUES SUCH
AS FRICTION OR RUBBING.
A. 1600S: MASSAGE EXISTED, BUT THE TERM WASN'T WIDELY USED YET.
B. 1700S: STILL, THE TERM WAS NOT AS POPULAR OR WELL-DEFINED.
D. 1900S: THE TERM WAS WELL-ESTABLISHED BY THE 1800S, SO THE 1900S IS TOO LATE.
4. THE FIRST WRITTEN RECORDS OF MASSAGE DATE BACK TO 3000 BCE IN WHICH
COUNTRY?
A. INDIA
B. CHINA
C. EGYPT
D. GREECE
,6 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
CORRECT ANS:>B
WRITTEN RECORDS REGARDING THE PRACTICE OF MASSAGE GO BACK TO 3000 BCE IN
CHINA. ACUPUNCTURE WAS NOT MENTIONED IN CHINESE WRITINGS UNTIL 90 BCE.
A. INDIA: INDIA ALSO HAS EARLY REFERENCES TO MASSAGE, BUT NOT AS EARLY AS
CHINA.
C. EGYPT: ANCIENT EGYPT DID USE MASSAGE, BUT IT IS NOT AS WIDELY
DOCUMENTED AS IN CHINA.
D. GREECE: GREECE HAD WRITINGS ON MASSAGE LATER, PRIMARILY FROM
HIPPOCRATES.
5. WHICH WORK IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE CLASSIC SCRIPTURE OF
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE?
A. TAO TE CHING
B. NEI CHING
C. AYUR-VEDA
D. CORPUS HIPPOCRATICUM
CORRECT ANS:>B
AT THE TIME OF HWANG TI, VARIOUS IDEAS AND BELIEFS WERE COMPILED UNDER
THE NAME OF THE YELLOW EMPEROR (DIED IN 2599 BCE) WHICH BECAME THE CLASSIC
SCRIPTURE OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE KNOWN AS THE NEI CHANG. THE NEI
CHANG WAS WRITTEN ABOUT 2760 BCE, AND THIS WORK CONTAINS DETAILED
DESCRIPTIONS OF MASSAGE PROCEDURES AS WELL AS HERBAL MEDICINES.
A. TAO TE CHING: A TAOIST TEXT WRITTEN BY LAOZI, NOT SPECIFICALLY ABOUT
CHINESE MEDICINE.
C. AYURVEDA: AN ANCIENT INDIAN MEDICAL TEXT, UNRELATED TO CHINESE
MEDICINE.
D. CORPUS HIPPOCRATICUM: GREEK TEXTS, FOUNDATIONAL TO WESTERN MEDICINE,
NOT CHINESE.
6. WHAT IS THE ORIGINAL MASSAGE TECHNIQUE IN CHINA AND THE PRECURSOR TO
MANUAL AND ENERGETIC THERAPIES?
A. POLARITY
B. SHIATSU
,7 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
C. ACUPUNCTURE
D. AMMA
CORRECT ANS:>D
AMMA IS REGARDED AS THE ORIGINAL MASSAGE TECHNIQUE AND PRECURSOR TO
ALL OTHER CHINESE THERAPIES, MANUAL AND ENERGETIC.
A. POLARITY: A HOLISTIC PRACTICE FROM THE WEST, NOT RELATED TO CHINESE
ORIGINS.
B. SHIATSU: A JAPANESE THERAPY INFLUENCED BY CHINESE TECHNIQUES BUT NOT
THE ORIGINAL ONE.
C. ACUPUNCTURE: A FORM OF ENERGY THERAPY, NOT A MANUAL MASSAGE
TECHNIQUE.
7. WHICH HEALING METHOD IS BASED ON HINDU TRADITION?
A. AYURVEDA
B. SHIATSU
C. AMMA
D. POLARITY
CORRECT ANS:>A
KNOWLEDGE OF AMMA MASSAGE TRAVELED TO THE SUBCONTINENT OF INDIA FROM
CHINA, AND MASSAGE BECAME PART OF HINDU TRADITION. MASSAGE IS DESCRIBED
IN INDIA’S FIRST GREAT MEDICAL TEXTS, THE AYURVEDA BOOKS OF WISDOM (ABOUT
1800 BCE) AND RECOMMEND MASSAGE AS AN INDISPENSABLE HEALING PROCEDURE.
B. SHIATSU: A JAPANESE THERAPY BASED ON CHINESE MEDICINE, NOT HINDU.
C. AMMA: A CHINESE-ORIGIN TECHNIQUE, NOT RELATED TO HINDUISM.
D. POLARITY: A WESTERN METHOD, NOT PART OF HINDU TRADITION.
8. WHICH METHOD IS JAPANESE BUT BASED ON CHINESE MEDICINE CONCEPTS, AND
USES PRESSURE
APPLIED FROM THE PRACTITIONER’S THUMBS, ELBOWS, AND OTHER PARTS OF THE
BODY?
,8 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
A. AYURVEDA
B. SHIATSU
C. MASSAGE
D. AMMA
CORRECT ANS:>B
SHIATSU IS A JAPANESE METHOD BASED ON THE SAME TRADITIONAL CHINESE
MEDICINE CONCEPTS AS ACUPUNCTURE —ENERGY FLOWS IN THE BODY THROUGH
STREAMS CALLED CHANNELS OR MERIDIANS.
ACUPUNCTURISTS USE NEEDLES AT SPECIFIC POINTS TO BALANCE THE FLOW OF
ENERGY; SHIATSU PRACTITIONERS USE THEIR FINGERS, THUMBS, FOREARMS,
ELBOWS, AND EVEN THEIR KNEES AND FEET.
A. AYURVEDA: AN INDIAN PRACTICE, NOT JAPANESE OR BASED ON CHINESE
MEDICINE.
C. MASSAGE: GENERAL TERM FOR SOFT TISSUE MANIPULATION BUT NOT
SPECIFICALLY JAPANESE OR CHINESE-BASED.
D. AMMA: A CHINESE-ORIGIN MASSAGE, NOT JAPANESE.
9. WHO IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS THE FATHER OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE?
A. GALEN
B. CELSUS
C. RHAZES
D. HIPPOCRATES
CORRECT ANS:>D
HIPPOCRATES WAS KNOWN TO BE A FINE PHYSICIAN, FOUNDER OF A MEDICAL
SCHOOL, AUTHOR OF NUMEROUS BOOKS, AND ADVOCATED THE USE OF MASSAGE OR
“RUBBING.” THESE WORKS ARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS THE CORPUS
HIPPOCRATICUM, AND SUMMARIZED MUCH OF WHAT WAS KNOWN ABOUT DISEASE
AND MEDICINE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD. HIPPOCRATES IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED
AS THE FATHER OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE, AND HE BELIEVED THAT
PHYSICIANS SHOULD AVOID CAUSING HARM TO PATIENTS.
,9 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
A. GALEN: AN INFLUENTIAL GREEK PHYSICIAN BUT NOT KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF
MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE.
B. CELSUS: A ROMAN MEDICAL WRITER, BUT NOT REGARDED AS THE FATHER OF
MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE.
C. RHAZES: A PERSIAN PHYSICIAN WHO MADE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS BUT NOT
THE FOUNDER OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE.
10. WHO WROTE THE CANON OF MEDICINE, THE MOST FAMOUS BOOK IN THE HISTORY
OF MEDICINE IN BOTH THE EAST AND THE WEST?
A. RHAZES
B. CELSUS
C. AVICENNA
D. HIPPOCRATES
CORRECT ANS:>C
A TEXT ENTITLED OR CANON OF MEDICINE WAS WRITTEN BY ONE OF THE GREATEST
PERSIAN PHYSICIANS OF HIS ERA, AVICENNA (980-1037). HE WAS ALSO KNOWN AS IBN
SINA. THE CANON OF MEDICINE IS THE MOST FAMOUS BOOK IN THE HISTORY OF
MEDICINE IN BOTH THE EAST AND THE WEST.
A. RHAZES: ANOTHER FAMOUS PERSIAN PHYSICIAN, BUT HE DID NOT WRITE THE
CANON OF MEDICINE.
B. CELSUS: ROMAN AUTHOR BUT NOT THE AUTHOR OF THE CANON OF MEDICINE.
D. HIPPOCRATES: FAMOUS FOR HIS WORK IN MEDICINE BUT DID NOT WRITE THE
"CANON OF MEDICINE."
11. WHICH INDIVIDUAL DISCUSSED THE EFFECTS OF MASSAGE AND USED FRICTION ON
JOINTS IN THE 1500S?
A. PARÉ
B. HARVEY
C. GALEN
D. MEZGER
CORRECT ANS:>A
, 10 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
AMBROISE PARÉ (1515-1590) WAS A FAMOUS FRENCH SURGEON WHO WAS AMONG THE
EARLIEST INDIVIDUALS IN THIS ERA TO DISCUSS THE EFFECTS OF MASSAGE. HE USED
FRICTION TO TREAT DISLOCATED JOINTS AND OTHER ORTHOPEDIC CONDITIONS.
B. HARVEY: KNOWN FOR DISCOVERING THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD, NOT FOCUSED
ON MASSAGE.
C. GALEN: A GREEK PHYSICIAN WHO MADE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE BUT
DIDN’T FOCUS ON MASSAGE TECHNIQUES.
D. MEZGER: A DUTCH PHYSICIAN, FAMOUS FOR INTRODUCING FRENCH
TERMINOLOGY FOR MASSAGE TECHNIQUES, BUT NOT FROM THE 1500S.
12. WHO WAS THE FIRST KNOWN SCIENTIST TO DEMONSTRATE THAT BLOOD
CIRCULATION DUE TO MUSCULAR CONTRACTION OF THE HEART?
A. PARÉ
B. GALEN
C. HARVEY
D. MEZGER
CORRECT ANS:>C
ENGLISH SCIENTIST WILLIAM HARVEY (1578–1657) DISCOVERED THE CIRCULATION OF
BLOOD IN 1628, AND HIS WRITINGS DID MUCH TO PROMOTE THE ACCEPTANCE OF
MASSAGE AS A TREATMENT MEASURE.
HARVEY OBSERVED THE HEARTS OF LIVING ANIMALS AND DETERMINED THAT
ACTIVE PHASE OF THE HEART MUSCULAR CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE) PUMPED BLOOD
THROUGH ARTERIES AND VEINS.
A. PARÉ: A SURGEON WHO DISCUSSED MASSAGE, BUT NOT THE DISCOVERY OF BLOOD
CIRCULATION.
B. GALEN: EARLY GREEK PHYSICIAN WHO CONTRIBUTED TO MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE
BUT DID NOT DISCOVER BLOOD CIRCULATION.
D. MEZGER: KNOWN FOR INTRODUCING FRENCH TERMINOLOGY IN MASSAGE, NOT
FOR BLOOD CIRCULATION.
13. WHO DEVELOPED THE SWEDISH MOVEMENT CURE, WHICH INCLUDED THE USE OF
MASSAGE?
A. JOHANN MEZGER
COMPLETE TEST BANK _
MASSAGE THERAPY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 7TH EDITION,
(2025)
BY SUSAN G. SALVO (AUTHOR)
,2 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS FOR PRACTICE, COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE METHODS, AND BUSINESS
PRACTICES_______________________________________________________________________________ 4
CHAPTER 01: HISTORY OF MASSAGE: PREHISTORIC TIMES TO THE MODERN ERA AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES,
ORGANIZATIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. ______________________________________________________________ 4
CHAPTER 02: THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP: ETHICS, CULTURAL COMPETENCIES, AND BOUNDARIES ________ 26
CHAPTER 03: TOOLS OF THE TRADE: TABLES, ACCESSORIES, LINENS, LUBRICANTS, AROMATHERAPY, ESSENTIAL
OILS, AND THE MASSAGE ENVIRONMENT ___________________________________________________________ 43
CHAPTER 04: CAREER LONGEVITY: WELLNESS, WELLBEING, AND SELF-CARE _______________________________ 52
CHAPTER 05: EVIDENCE-INFORMED PRACTICE AND RESEARCH LITERACY ___________________ 67
CHAPTER 06: MASSAGE THERAPY RESEARCH ________________________________________________________ 80
CHAPTER 07: BODY MECHANICS, CLIENT POSITIONING, AND DRAPING ___________________________________ 87
CHAPTER 08: MASSAGE TECHNIQUES, MOBILIZATIONS AND STRETCHES, ENDANGERMENT SITES, AND
CONTRAINDICATIONS __________________________________________________________________________ 102
CHAPTER 09: CONCEPTS OF DISEASE, STANDARD PRECAUTIONS, TRANSMISSION- BASED PRECAUTIONS,
DISINFECTION PROCEDURES, AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ________________________________________ 119
CHAPTER 10: PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS: SCOPE OF PRACTICE, STANDARDS OF CARE, ASSESSMENTS,
DOCUMENTATION, INFORMED CONSENT, TREATMENT PLANNING, AND REFERRALS _______________________ 133
CHAPTER 11: SPECIAL POPULATIONS: MASSAGE FOR PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM CLIENTS, INFANTS, CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS, AGING ADULTS, AND THOSE WITH VISUAL, HEARING, AND MOBILITY IMPAIRMENT ___________ 148
CHAPTER 12: HYDROTHERAPY: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, SPA APPLICATIONS, AND SPA PROCEDURES __________ 163
CHAPTER 13: FOOT REFLEXOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE _________________________________________ 177
CHAPTER 14: CLINICAL MASSAGE: PAIN THEORIES AND PAIN MANAGEMENT, CLINICAL ASSESSMENTS, AND
CLINICAL APPLICATION METHODS ________________________________________________________________ 183
CHAPTER 15: SEATED MASSAGE: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE ___________________________________________ 203
CHAPTER 16: ASIAN BODYWORK THERAPY: SHIATSU, THAI MASSAGE, AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES, AND CHAKRAS __ 208
,3 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
CHAPTER 17: BUSINESS PRACTICES: GETTING STARTED, MARKETING, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, ACCOUNTING,
AND PLANNING _______________________________________________________________________________ 224
UNIT 2: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, KINESIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY ______________________________ 240
CHAPTER 18: INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY, CELLS,
TISSUES, AND BODY COMPASS ______________________________________________________________ 240
CHAPTER 19: SKELETAL SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DISORDERS, AND INJURIES ______________________________ 259
CHAPTER 20: MUSCULAR SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DISORDERS, AND INJURIES_____________________________ 273
CHAPTER 21: KINESIOLOGY ______________________________________________________________________ 287
CHAPTER 22: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, CONDITIONS, AND INJURIES ______________________ 353
CHAPTER 23: NERVOUS SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DISORDERS, AND INJURIES ______________________________ 364
CHAPTER 24: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND PATHOLOGIES _______________________________________________ 388
CHAPTER 25: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, CONDITIONS, AND DISORDERS ______________________ 403
CHAPTER 26: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, AND DISORDERS _______________________________ 418
CHAPTER 27: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, AND CONDITIONS____________________________________ 434
CHAPTER 28: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, CONDITIONS, AND DISORDERS _______________________ 444
CHAPTER 29: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, DYSFUNCTIONS, AND DISORDERS ________________________ 456
CHAPTER 30: URINARY SYSTEM, PATHOLOGIES, AND DISORDERS _______________________________________ 468
,4 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS FOR PRACTICE, COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE
METHODS, AND BUSINESS PRACTICES
CHAPTER 01: HISTORY OF MASSAGE: PREHISTORIC TIMES TO THE MODERN ERA AND
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS.
SUSAN G. SALVO: MASSAGE THERAPY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 7TH EDITION, (2023)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH METHOD IS DEFINED AS MANIPULATION OF SOFT TISSUE USING PRESSURE
AND TRACTION FOR CLINICAL, THERAPEUTIC, AND PALLIATIVE PURPOSES?
A. ACUPUNCTURE
B. AYURVEDA
C. POLARITY THERAPY
D. MASSAGE THERAPY
CORRECT ANS:>D
MASSAGE THERAPY THE MANIPULATION OF SOFT TISSUE USING COMPRESSION AND
DECOMPRESSION/TRACTION FOR CLINICAL, THERAPEUTIC, AND PALLIATIVE
PURPOSES OR FOR WELLNESS AND SELF-CARE PURPOSES.
A. ACUPUNCTURE: INVOLVES INSERTING THIN NEEDLES INTO SPECIFIC POINTS ON
THE BODY TO BALANCE ENERGY, NOT MANIPULATION OF SOFT TISSUE.
B. AYURVEDA: A TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF MEDICINE FROM INDIA THAT INCLUDES
HERBAL REMEDIES, DIET, AND LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS, BUT DOESN'T FOCUS
SOLELY ON SOFT TISSUE MANIPULATION.
C. POLARITY THERAPY: A HOLISTIC HEALING PRACTICE THAT USES TOUCH AND
ENERGY BALANCING BUT IS NOT SPECIFICALLY FOCUSED ON SOFT TISSUE
MANIPULATION.
2. WHICH ORIGIN FOR THE WORD MASSAGE IS GREEK?
A. MASHESH
B. MASSO
C. MASSER
,5 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
D. MAKEH
CORRECT ANS:>B
THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD MASSAGE IS UNCLEAR, BUT CAN BE TRACED TO NUMEROUS
SOURCES: THE HEBREW MASHESH, THE GREEK MASSO AND MASSIN, THE LATIN
MASSA, THE ARABIC MASS’H, THE SANSKRIT MAKEH, AND THE FRENCH MASSER.
A. MASHESH: HEBREW WORD FOR "TO PRESS OR SQUEEZE," ALSO A POTENTIAL
ORIGIN, BUT NOT GREEK.
C. MASSER: NO KNOWN HISTORICAL OR LINGUISTIC CONNECTION TO THE WORD
MASSAGE.
D. MAKEH: SANSKRIT WORD RELATED TO MASSAGE TECHNIQUES BUT NOT GREEK.
3. WHEN WAS THE EARLIEST THE TERM MASSAGE WAS USED BY MOST EUROPEAN-
BASED CULTURES?
A. 1600S
B. 1700S
C. 1800S
D. 1900S
CORRECT ANS:>C
BY THE EARLY 1800S, THE TERM MASSAGE WAS USED BY MOST EUROPEAN-BASED
CULTURES. HISTORICALLY, MASSAGE WAS REFERRED TO BY ITS TECHNIQUES SUCH
AS FRICTION OR RUBBING.
A. 1600S: MASSAGE EXISTED, BUT THE TERM WASN'T WIDELY USED YET.
B. 1700S: STILL, THE TERM WAS NOT AS POPULAR OR WELL-DEFINED.
D. 1900S: THE TERM WAS WELL-ESTABLISHED BY THE 1800S, SO THE 1900S IS TOO LATE.
4. THE FIRST WRITTEN RECORDS OF MASSAGE DATE BACK TO 3000 BCE IN WHICH
COUNTRY?
A. INDIA
B. CHINA
C. EGYPT
D. GREECE
,6 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
CORRECT ANS:>B
WRITTEN RECORDS REGARDING THE PRACTICE OF MASSAGE GO BACK TO 3000 BCE IN
CHINA. ACUPUNCTURE WAS NOT MENTIONED IN CHINESE WRITINGS UNTIL 90 BCE.
A. INDIA: INDIA ALSO HAS EARLY REFERENCES TO MASSAGE, BUT NOT AS EARLY AS
CHINA.
C. EGYPT: ANCIENT EGYPT DID USE MASSAGE, BUT IT IS NOT AS WIDELY
DOCUMENTED AS IN CHINA.
D. GREECE: GREECE HAD WRITINGS ON MASSAGE LATER, PRIMARILY FROM
HIPPOCRATES.
5. WHICH WORK IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE CLASSIC SCRIPTURE OF
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE?
A. TAO TE CHING
B. NEI CHING
C. AYUR-VEDA
D. CORPUS HIPPOCRATICUM
CORRECT ANS:>B
AT THE TIME OF HWANG TI, VARIOUS IDEAS AND BELIEFS WERE COMPILED UNDER
THE NAME OF THE YELLOW EMPEROR (DIED IN 2599 BCE) WHICH BECAME THE CLASSIC
SCRIPTURE OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE KNOWN AS THE NEI CHANG. THE NEI
CHANG WAS WRITTEN ABOUT 2760 BCE, AND THIS WORK CONTAINS DETAILED
DESCRIPTIONS OF MASSAGE PROCEDURES AS WELL AS HERBAL MEDICINES.
A. TAO TE CHING: A TAOIST TEXT WRITTEN BY LAOZI, NOT SPECIFICALLY ABOUT
CHINESE MEDICINE.
C. AYURVEDA: AN ANCIENT INDIAN MEDICAL TEXT, UNRELATED TO CHINESE
MEDICINE.
D. CORPUS HIPPOCRATICUM: GREEK TEXTS, FOUNDATIONAL TO WESTERN MEDICINE,
NOT CHINESE.
6. WHAT IS THE ORIGINAL MASSAGE TECHNIQUE IN CHINA AND THE PRECURSOR TO
MANUAL AND ENERGETIC THERAPIES?
A. POLARITY
B. SHIATSU
,7 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
C. ACUPUNCTURE
D. AMMA
CORRECT ANS:>D
AMMA IS REGARDED AS THE ORIGINAL MASSAGE TECHNIQUE AND PRECURSOR TO
ALL OTHER CHINESE THERAPIES, MANUAL AND ENERGETIC.
A. POLARITY: A HOLISTIC PRACTICE FROM THE WEST, NOT RELATED TO CHINESE
ORIGINS.
B. SHIATSU: A JAPANESE THERAPY INFLUENCED BY CHINESE TECHNIQUES BUT NOT
THE ORIGINAL ONE.
C. ACUPUNCTURE: A FORM OF ENERGY THERAPY, NOT A MANUAL MASSAGE
TECHNIQUE.
7. WHICH HEALING METHOD IS BASED ON HINDU TRADITION?
A. AYURVEDA
B. SHIATSU
C. AMMA
D. POLARITY
CORRECT ANS:>A
KNOWLEDGE OF AMMA MASSAGE TRAVELED TO THE SUBCONTINENT OF INDIA FROM
CHINA, AND MASSAGE BECAME PART OF HINDU TRADITION. MASSAGE IS DESCRIBED
IN INDIA’S FIRST GREAT MEDICAL TEXTS, THE AYURVEDA BOOKS OF WISDOM (ABOUT
1800 BCE) AND RECOMMEND MASSAGE AS AN INDISPENSABLE HEALING PROCEDURE.
B. SHIATSU: A JAPANESE THERAPY BASED ON CHINESE MEDICINE, NOT HINDU.
C. AMMA: A CHINESE-ORIGIN TECHNIQUE, NOT RELATED TO HINDUISM.
D. POLARITY: A WESTERN METHOD, NOT PART OF HINDU TRADITION.
8. WHICH METHOD IS JAPANESE BUT BASED ON CHINESE MEDICINE CONCEPTS, AND
USES PRESSURE
APPLIED FROM THE PRACTITIONER’S THUMBS, ELBOWS, AND OTHER PARTS OF THE
BODY?
,8 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
A. AYURVEDA
B. SHIATSU
C. MASSAGE
D. AMMA
CORRECT ANS:>B
SHIATSU IS A JAPANESE METHOD BASED ON THE SAME TRADITIONAL CHINESE
MEDICINE CONCEPTS AS ACUPUNCTURE —ENERGY FLOWS IN THE BODY THROUGH
STREAMS CALLED CHANNELS OR MERIDIANS.
ACUPUNCTURISTS USE NEEDLES AT SPECIFIC POINTS TO BALANCE THE FLOW OF
ENERGY; SHIATSU PRACTITIONERS USE THEIR FINGERS, THUMBS, FOREARMS,
ELBOWS, AND EVEN THEIR KNEES AND FEET.
A. AYURVEDA: AN INDIAN PRACTICE, NOT JAPANESE OR BASED ON CHINESE
MEDICINE.
C. MASSAGE: GENERAL TERM FOR SOFT TISSUE MANIPULATION BUT NOT
SPECIFICALLY JAPANESE OR CHINESE-BASED.
D. AMMA: A CHINESE-ORIGIN MASSAGE, NOT JAPANESE.
9. WHO IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS THE FATHER OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE?
A. GALEN
B. CELSUS
C. RHAZES
D. HIPPOCRATES
CORRECT ANS:>D
HIPPOCRATES WAS KNOWN TO BE A FINE PHYSICIAN, FOUNDER OF A MEDICAL
SCHOOL, AUTHOR OF NUMEROUS BOOKS, AND ADVOCATED THE USE OF MASSAGE OR
“RUBBING.” THESE WORKS ARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS THE CORPUS
HIPPOCRATICUM, AND SUMMARIZED MUCH OF WHAT WAS KNOWN ABOUT DISEASE
AND MEDICINE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD. HIPPOCRATES IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED
AS THE FATHER OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE, AND HE BELIEVED THAT
PHYSICIANS SHOULD AVOID CAUSING HARM TO PATIENTS.
,9 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
A. GALEN: AN INFLUENTIAL GREEK PHYSICIAN BUT NOT KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF
MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE.
B. CELSUS: A ROMAN MEDICAL WRITER, BUT NOT REGARDED AS THE FATHER OF
MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE.
C. RHAZES: A PERSIAN PHYSICIAN WHO MADE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS BUT NOT
THE FOUNDER OF MODERN WESTERN MEDICINE.
10. WHO WROTE THE CANON OF MEDICINE, THE MOST FAMOUS BOOK IN THE HISTORY
OF MEDICINE IN BOTH THE EAST AND THE WEST?
A. RHAZES
B. CELSUS
C. AVICENNA
D. HIPPOCRATES
CORRECT ANS:>C
A TEXT ENTITLED OR CANON OF MEDICINE WAS WRITTEN BY ONE OF THE GREATEST
PERSIAN PHYSICIANS OF HIS ERA, AVICENNA (980-1037). HE WAS ALSO KNOWN AS IBN
SINA. THE CANON OF MEDICINE IS THE MOST FAMOUS BOOK IN THE HISTORY OF
MEDICINE IN BOTH THE EAST AND THE WEST.
A. RHAZES: ANOTHER FAMOUS PERSIAN PHYSICIAN, BUT HE DID NOT WRITE THE
CANON OF MEDICINE.
B. CELSUS: ROMAN AUTHOR BUT NOT THE AUTHOR OF THE CANON OF MEDICINE.
D. HIPPOCRATES: FAMOUS FOR HIS WORK IN MEDICINE BUT DID NOT WRITE THE
"CANON OF MEDICINE."
11. WHICH INDIVIDUAL DISCUSSED THE EFFECTS OF MASSAGE AND USED FRICTION ON
JOINTS IN THE 1500S?
A. PARÉ
B. HARVEY
C. GALEN
D. MEZGER
CORRECT ANS:>A
, 10 Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice 7th Edition
AMBROISE PARÉ (1515-1590) WAS A FAMOUS FRENCH SURGEON WHO WAS AMONG THE
EARLIEST INDIVIDUALS IN THIS ERA TO DISCUSS THE EFFECTS OF MASSAGE. HE USED
FRICTION TO TREAT DISLOCATED JOINTS AND OTHER ORTHOPEDIC CONDITIONS.
B. HARVEY: KNOWN FOR DISCOVERING THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD, NOT FOCUSED
ON MASSAGE.
C. GALEN: A GREEK PHYSICIAN WHO MADE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE BUT
DIDN’T FOCUS ON MASSAGE TECHNIQUES.
D. MEZGER: A DUTCH PHYSICIAN, FAMOUS FOR INTRODUCING FRENCH
TERMINOLOGY FOR MASSAGE TECHNIQUES, BUT NOT FROM THE 1500S.
12. WHO WAS THE FIRST KNOWN SCIENTIST TO DEMONSTRATE THAT BLOOD
CIRCULATION DUE TO MUSCULAR CONTRACTION OF THE HEART?
A. PARÉ
B. GALEN
C. HARVEY
D. MEZGER
CORRECT ANS:>C
ENGLISH SCIENTIST WILLIAM HARVEY (1578–1657) DISCOVERED THE CIRCULATION OF
BLOOD IN 1628, AND HIS WRITINGS DID MUCH TO PROMOTE THE ACCEPTANCE OF
MASSAGE AS A TREATMENT MEASURE.
HARVEY OBSERVED THE HEARTS OF LIVING ANIMALS AND DETERMINED THAT
ACTIVE PHASE OF THE HEART MUSCULAR CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE) PUMPED BLOOD
THROUGH ARTERIES AND VEINS.
A. PARÉ: A SURGEON WHO DISCUSSED MASSAGE, BUT NOT THE DISCOVERY OF BLOOD
CIRCULATION.
B. GALEN: EARLY GREEK PHYSICIAN WHO CONTRIBUTED TO MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE
BUT DID NOT DISCOVER BLOOD CIRCULATION.
D. MEZGER: KNOWN FOR INTRODUCING FRENCH TERMINOLOGY IN MASSAGE, NOT
FOR BLOOD CIRCULATION.
13. WHO DEVELOPED THE SWEDISH MOVEMENT CURE, WHICH INCLUDED THE USE OF
MASSAGE?
A. JOHANN MEZGER
