test bank for lehninger principles of biochemistry 7th edition by david l. nelson 2025/2026 updates

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Cellular foundations
Pages: 3-4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:

A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.

2. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: E
A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the develo

A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.

3. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:

A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope. @thebo
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.

4. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as o
Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of

A) 0.1 µm to 10 µm.
B) 0.3 µm to 30 µm.
C) 0.3 µm to 100 µm.
D) 1 µm to 100 µm.

,2 Chapter 1 The Foundations o



5. Cellular foundations
Page: 5 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is the

A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.

6. Cellular foundations
Page: 10 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing

A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid

7. Cellular foundations
Page: 11 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is not considered a noncovalent in

A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions

8. Chemical foundations
Page: 12 Difficulty: 2 Ans: E
Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living orga

A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus

9. Chemical foundations
Page: 13 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
The four covalent bonds in methane (CH 4) are arranged around carbon to give which one
following geometries?

A) linear

, Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry



10. Chemical foundations
Page: 14 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
What functional groups are present on this molecule?




A) ether and aldehyde
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) hydroxyl and ester
E) hydroxyl and ketone

11. Chemical foundations
Page: 16 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information are

A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.

12. Chemical foundations
Page: 17 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:

A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.

13. Chemical foundations
Page: 20 Difficulty: 3 Ans: E
The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but
catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an examp

A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.