Bio 212 Quiz 1 Verified Questions And Answers Latest
Solutions
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ANS how much energy the animal uses just to maintain itself, ready to
do work, but W/O doing work (MRU)
Thermoneutral temperature range ANS Position on graph: values of X-axis for the horizontal part of
the curve
Definition: the temperature range at which the animal can maintain body temperature without added
energy costs (range at BMR value)
Lower & Upper Critical Temperatures ANS the low and high temperatures of the thermoneutral range
Body temperature set point ANS extrapolate the line that represents the energy required to heat the
animal
Above the upper critical temperature, what mechanisms does the body use to maintain body temperature?
ANS Evaporative cooling & by shifting blood flow toward the periphery away from the core
Below the lower critical temperature, what mechanisms does the body use to maintain body temperature?
ANS Shivering, metabolic thermogenesis, keeping blood away from periphery
How does the animal regulate temperature without spending additional energy to do so?
(@BMR/thermoneutral zone) ANS By moving blood to and away from the surface to control the rate
of heat loss
Does cold adaptation change the BMR? What else does it affect? ANS No, b/c it costs the same
number of calories to stay alive while at either adaptation.
Does not change - BMR
- body temperature.
Changes - insulation levels
, - cost of heating the body
Homeostasis ANS The maintenance of body/physical conditions within a narrow range.
Example of physical conditions: pH, H2O, sugar, ATP, temperature
What're the two strategies for maintaining homeostasis? ANS 1. Conformers
- takes on environmental levels of the condition
2. Regulator strategies
- maintains the internal environment within a narrow range in the entire range of environmental
conditions
(Not every critter falls within one of these categories even for a given condition)
Where may Homeostatic levels be maintained? ANS Cytoplasm, interstitial fluid, and blood; or plant
equivalents
What effects the way an enzyme functions? ANS Since they are proteins, an enzyme's function is
based off of their shape and their chemical interactions they can accomplish at specific sites.
The chemistry they can conduct is dependent upon the environment they are located in.
How does an increase in substrate effect the function of an enzyme? ANS An increase in substrate
makes an enzyme work faster b/c it can bind to a substrate faster.
Vmax ANS the maximum rate of activity for a given quantity of enzyme
How do you calculate the Vmax? ANS 1. Need an excess of starch to be present
----so as soon as enzyme is finished with one substrate the next is pushed into active site
Km ANS The SUBSTRATE level at which an enzyme functions at 1/2 it's maximal level
Solutions
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ANS how much energy the animal uses just to maintain itself, ready to
do work, but W/O doing work (MRU)
Thermoneutral temperature range ANS Position on graph: values of X-axis for the horizontal part of
the curve
Definition: the temperature range at which the animal can maintain body temperature without added
energy costs (range at BMR value)
Lower & Upper Critical Temperatures ANS the low and high temperatures of the thermoneutral range
Body temperature set point ANS extrapolate the line that represents the energy required to heat the
animal
Above the upper critical temperature, what mechanisms does the body use to maintain body temperature?
ANS Evaporative cooling & by shifting blood flow toward the periphery away from the core
Below the lower critical temperature, what mechanisms does the body use to maintain body temperature?
ANS Shivering, metabolic thermogenesis, keeping blood away from periphery
How does the animal regulate temperature without spending additional energy to do so?
(@BMR/thermoneutral zone) ANS By moving blood to and away from the surface to control the rate
of heat loss
Does cold adaptation change the BMR? What else does it affect? ANS No, b/c it costs the same
number of calories to stay alive while at either adaptation.
Does not change - BMR
- body temperature.
Changes - insulation levels
, - cost of heating the body
Homeostasis ANS The maintenance of body/physical conditions within a narrow range.
Example of physical conditions: pH, H2O, sugar, ATP, temperature
What're the two strategies for maintaining homeostasis? ANS 1. Conformers
- takes on environmental levels of the condition
2. Regulator strategies
- maintains the internal environment within a narrow range in the entire range of environmental
conditions
(Not every critter falls within one of these categories even for a given condition)
Where may Homeostatic levels be maintained? ANS Cytoplasm, interstitial fluid, and blood; or plant
equivalents
What effects the way an enzyme functions? ANS Since they are proteins, an enzyme's function is
based off of their shape and their chemical interactions they can accomplish at specific sites.
The chemistry they can conduct is dependent upon the environment they are located in.
How does an increase in substrate effect the function of an enzyme? ANS An increase in substrate
makes an enzyme work faster b/c it can bind to a substrate faster.
Vmax ANS the maximum rate of activity for a given quantity of enzyme
How do you calculate the Vmax? ANS 1. Need an excess of starch to be present
----so as soon as enzyme is finished with one substrate the next is pushed into active site
Km ANS The SUBSTRATE level at which an enzyme functions at 1/2 it's maximal level
