NUR211 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What is osteoporosis? - ✔✔a metabolic skeletal disorder where bones have
less mass and are more fragile, leading to fractures and disability
Osteoclasts - ✔✔break down bone
Osteoblasts - ✔✔create new bone
What hormones can inhibit bone resorption - ✔✔estrogen and testosterone
Primary osteoporosis type 1 is associated with - ✔✔menopause (estrogen
deficiency causes increased calcium reabsorption)
Primary osteoporosis type 2 is associated with - ✔✔aging (kidneys lose
ability to process vitamin D, decreasing calcium absorption)
1
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,Secondary osteoporosis is associated with - ✔✔other disease processes,
deficiencies, and drugs that affect calcium, vitamin D, and sex hormones
What med can cause osteoporosis if used for more than 3 months? -
✔✔glucocorticoids (prednisone, dexamethasone, cortisone)
What diseases can cause osteoporosis? - ✔✔Cushing syndrome, adrenal
insufficiency, diabetes
Osteoporosis nonmodifiable risk factors - ✔✔family hx, age (50+), sex,
ethnicity (white, asian), previous fractures, menopause, hysterectomy,
chronic illness
Osteoporosis modifiable risk factors - ✔✔poor nutrition (low calcium,
vitamin D), body weight (BMI below 20), substance abuse, sedentary
lifestyle
Meds that can cause osteoporosis - ✔✔corticosteroids, heparin,
levothyroxine, PPIs, lithium, thiazide and loop diuretics, aromatase
inhibitors for breast cancer
Osteoporosis prevention - ✔✔Weight-bearing exercise, calcium, vitamin D
2
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,Osteoporosis manifestations - ✔✔- No early symptoms
- Bone loss: fractures, back pain, height loss, stooped posture
- Fragility fractures
- Osteoporotic fractures
- Vertebral fractures
- Dorsal kyphosis
- Cervical lordosis
- Dowagers/buffalo hump
- Hip fractures
- Wrist fractures
Fragility fracture - ✔✔low-energy fracture that occurs from mild impact;
may be 1st sign of osteoporosis
Vertebral fractures - ✔✔height loss, back pain, functional limitations,
spinal deformity
Dorsal kyphosis - ✔✔forward curve of the spine
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, Cervical lordosis - ✔✔excessive inward curve of the neck
Dowagers/buffalo hump - ✔✔hunched back caused by dorsal kyphosis
and cervical lordosis, causes back pain and protruding abdomen
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) - ✔✔gold standard test for
osteoporosis, results reported as a T score (a score of -2.5 below the
standard indicates low bone density
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) - ✔✔estimates 10yr risk for
fractures using factors like age, smoking, family hx, steroid use, arthritis,
and bone mineral density score
Osteoporosis treatments - ✔✔PT/OT
Diet high in calcium and vitamin D
Biphosphonates
Daily calcium intake - ✔✔1000-1200mg/day
Daily vitamin D intake - ✔✔400-800 iu/day under 50y and 800-1000
iu/day over 50y
4
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
Answers 100% Pass
What is osteoporosis? - ✔✔a metabolic skeletal disorder where bones have
less mass and are more fragile, leading to fractures and disability
Osteoclasts - ✔✔break down bone
Osteoblasts - ✔✔create new bone
What hormones can inhibit bone resorption - ✔✔estrogen and testosterone
Primary osteoporosis type 1 is associated with - ✔✔menopause (estrogen
deficiency causes increased calcium reabsorption)
Primary osteoporosis type 2 is associated with - ✔✔aging (kidneys lose
ability to process vitamin D, decreasing calcium absorption)
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,Secondary osteoporosis is associated with - ✔✔other disease processes,
deficiencies, and drugs that affect calcium, vitamin D, and sex hormones
What med can cause osteoporosis if used for more than 3 months? -
✔✔glucocorticoids (prednisone, dexamethasone, cortisone)
What diseases can cause osteoporosis? - ✔✔Cushing syndrome, adrenal
insufficiency, diabetes
Osteoporosis nonmodifiable risk factors - ✔✔family hx, age (50+), sex,
ethnicity (white, asian), previous fractures, menopause, hysterectomy,
chronic illness
Osteoporosis modifiable risk factors - ✔✔poor nutrition (low calcium,
vitamin D), body weight (BMI below 20), substance abuse, sedentary
lifestyle
Meds that can cause osteoporosis - ✔✔corticosteroids, heparin,
levothyroxine, PPIs, lithium, thiazide and loop diuretics, aromatase
inhibitors for breast cancer
Osteoporosis prevention - ✔✔Weight-bearing exercise, calcium, vitamin D
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,Osteoporosis manifestations - ✔✔- No early symptoms
- Bone loss: fractures, back pain, height loss, stooped posture
- Fragility fractures
- Osteoporotic fractures
- Vertebral fractures
- Dorsal kyphosis
- Cervical lordosis
- Dowagers/buffalo hump
- Hip fractures
- Wrist fractures
Fragility fracture - ✔✔low-energy fracture that occurs from mild impact;
may be 1st sign of osteoporosis
Vertebral fractures - ✔✔height loss, back pain, functional limitations,
spinal deformity
Dorsal kyphosis - ✔✔forward curve of the spine
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, Cervical lordosis - ✔✔excessive inward curve of the neck
Dowagers/buffalo hump - ✔✔hunched back caused by dorsal kyphosis
and cervical lordosis, causes back pain and protruding abdomen
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) - ✔✔gold standard test for
osteoporosis, results reported as a T score (a score of -2.5 below the
standard indicates low bone density
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) - ✔✔estimates 10yr risk for
fractures using factors like age, smoking, family hx, steroid use, arthritis,
and bone mineral density score
Osteoporosis treatments - ✔✔PT/OT
Diet high in calcium and vitamin D
Biphosphonates
Daily calcium intake - ✔✔1000-1200mg/day
Daily vitamin D intake - ✔✔400-800 iu/day under 50y and 800-1000
iu/day over 50y
4
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
