Pathophysiology Chapter 16 - Test Bank
GUARANTEED A+ PASS Q & A
Common signs of rheumatic fever include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) arthritis, causing deformity of the small joints in the hands and feet.
B) erythematous skin rash and subcutaneous nodules.
C) epistaxis, tachycardia, and fever.
D) elevated ASO titer and leukocytosis. - ANSWER-A
Rheumatic heart disease usually manifests in later years as:
A) swollen heart valves and fever.
B) cardiac arrhythmias and heart murmurs.
C) thrombus formation and septic emboli.
D) petechial hemorrhages of the skin and mucosa. - ANSWER-B
Septic emboli, a common complication of infective endocarditis, are a result of the fact that:
A) vegetations are loosely attached and fragile.
B) the valves are no longer competent.
C) cardiac output is reduced.
D) heart contractions are irregular. - ANSWER-A
Which of the following applies to subacute infective endocarditis?
A) A microbe of low virulence attacks abnormal or damaged heart valves.
B) Virulent microbes invade normal heart valves.
C) No permanent damage occurs to the valves.
D) Prophylactic medication does not prevent infection. - ANSWER-A
Pericarditis causes a reduction in cardiac output as a result of which of the following?
A) Delays in the conduction system, interfering with cardiac rhythm
,B) Weak myocardial contractions due to friction rub
C) Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling
D) Incompetent valves, which allow regurgitation of blood - ANSWER-C
Pericarditis may be caused by:
1. infection.
2. abnormal immune responses.
3. injury.
4. malignant neoplasm.
A) 1, 2
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4 - ANSWER-D
A source of an embolus causing an obstruction in the brain could be the:
A) femoral vein.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) carotid artery.
D) coronary artery. - ANSWER-C
The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is:
A) development of lipid plaques in large arteries.
B) recurrent inflammation and fibrosis in peripheral arteries.
C) degeneration and loss of elasticity in arteries.
D) increased systemic vasoconstriction. - ANSWER-D
Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the:
A) kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye.
B) peripheral arteries in the legs.
C) aorta and coronary arteries.
,D) liver, spleen, and stomach. - ANSWER-A
When is a diagnosis of essential hypertension likely to be considered in young or middle-aged
individuals?
A) Blood pressure remains consistently above 140/90
B) Blood pressure fluctuates between 130/85 and 180/105
C) Blood pressure increases rapidly and is unresponsive to medication
D) Chronic kidney disease leads to consistently elevated blood pressure - ANSWER-A
Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following?
1. Gangrenous ulcers in the legs
2. Strong rapid pulses in the legs
3. Intermittent claudication
4. Red, swollen legs
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4 - ANSWER-B
The term intermittent claudication refers to:
A) sensory deficit in the legs due to damage to nerves.
B) chest pain related to ischemia.
C) ischemic muscle pain in the legs, particularly with exercise.
D) dry, cyanotic skin with superficial ulcers. - ANSWER-C
What is the primary reason for amputation of gangrenous toes or feet in patients with
peripheral vascular disease?
A) It promotes more rapid healing of ulcerated areas.
B) It improves circulation to other areas.
C) It prevents spread of infection and reduces pain.
D) It reduces swelling in the peripheral areas. - ANSWER-C
, An echocardiogram is used to demonstrate any abnormal:
A) activity in the conduction system.
B) movement of the heart valves.
C) change in central venous pressure.
D) blood flow in coronary arteries. - ANSWER-B
A friction rub is associated with:
A) infectious endocarditis.
B) arrhythmias.
C) pericarditis.
D) an incompetent aortic valve. - ANSWER-C
A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as:
A) a dilation or bulge that develops at one point on the aortic wall.
B) a thrombus that accumulates at a point in the aortic wall.
C) a section of the aorta that weakens and dilates in all directions.
D) a tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic
wall. - ANSWER-D
The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:
A) early diagnosis and repair.
B) thrombus formation and pulmonary embolus.
C) rupture and hemorrhage.
D) pressure on adjacent organs or structures. - ANSWER-C
What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate
increased secretion of insulin?
A) Control by releasing hormones
B) Control by tropic hormones
C) Negative feedback control
GUARANTEED A+ PASS Q & A
Common signs of rheumatic fever include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) arthritis, causing deformity of the small joints in the hands and feet.
B) erythematous skin rash and subcutaneous nodules.
C) epistaxis, tachycardia, and fever.
D) elevated ASO titer and leukocytosis. - ANSWER-A
Rheumatic heart disease usually manifests in later years as:
A) swollen heart valves and fever.
B) cardiac arrhythmias and heart murmurs.
C) thrombus formation and septic emboli.
D) petechial hemorrhages of the skin and mucosa. - ANSWER-B
Septic emboli, a common complication of infective endocarditis, are a result of the fact that:
A) vegetations are loosely attached and fragile.
B) the valves are no longer competent.
C) cardiac output is reduced.
D) heart contractions are irregular. - ANSWER-A
Which of the following applies to subacute infective endocarditis?
A) A microbe of low virulence attacks abnormal or damaged heart valves.
B) Virulent microbes invade normal heart valves.
C) No permanent damage occurs to the valves.
D) Prophylactic medication does not prevent infection. - ANSWER-A
Pericarditis causes a reduction in cardiac output as a result of which of the following?
A) Delays in the conduction system, interfering with cardiac rhythm
,B) Weak myocardial contractions due to friction rub
C) Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling
D) Incompetent valves, which allow regurgitation of blood - ANSWER-C
Pericarditis may be caused by:
1. infection.
2. abnormal immune responses.
3. injury.
4. malignant neoplasm.
A) 1, 2
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4 - ANSWER-D
A source of an embolus causing an obstruction in the brain could be the:
A) femoral vein.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) carotid artery.
D) coronary artery. - ANSWER-C
The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is:
A) development of lipid plaques in large arteries.
B) recurrent inflammation and fibrosis in peripheral arteries.
C) degeneration and loss of elasticity in arteries.
D) increased systemic vasoconstriction. - ANSWER-D
Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the:
A) kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye.
B) peripheral arteries in the legs.
C) aorta and coronary arteries.
,D) liver, spleen, and stomach. - ANSWER-A
When is a diagnosis of essential hypertension likely to be considered in young or middle-aged
individuals?
A) Blood pressure remains consistently above 140/90
B) Blood pressure fluctuates between 130/85 and 180/105
C) Blood pressure increases rapidly and is unresponsive to medication
D) Chronic kidney disease leads to consistently elevated blood pressure - ANSWER-A
Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following?
1. Gangrenous ulcers in the legs
2. Strong rapid pulses in the legs
3. Intermittent claudication
4. Red, swollen legs
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4 - ANSWER-B
The term intermittent claudication refers to:
A) sensory deficit in the legs due to damage to nerves.
B) chest pain related to ischemia.
C) ischemic muscle pain in the legs, particularly with exercise.
D) dry, cyanotic skin with superficial ulcers. - ANSWER-C
What is the primary reason for amputation of gangrenous toes or feet in patients with
peripheral vascular disease?
A) It promotes more rapid healing of ulcerated areas.
B) It improves circulation to other areas.
C) It prevents spread of infection and reduces pain.
D) It reduces swelling in the peripheral areas. - ANSWER-C
, An echocardiogram is used to demonstrate any abnormal:
A) activity in the conduction system.
B) movement of the heart valves.
C) change in central venous pressure.
D) blood flow in coronary arteries. - ANSWER-B
A friction rub is associated with:
A) infectious endocarditis.
B) arrhythmias.
C) pericarditis.
D) an incompetent aortic valve. - ANSWER-C
A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as:
A) a dilation or bulge that develops at one point on the aortic wall.
B) a thrombus that accumulates at a point in the aortic wall.
C) a section of the aorta that weakens and dilates in all directions.
D) a tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic
wall. - ANSWER-D
The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:
A) early diagnosis and repair.
B) thrombus formation and pulmonary embolus.
C) rupture and hemorrhage.
D) pressure on adjacent organs or structures. - ANSWER-C
What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate
increased secretion of insulin?
A) Control by releasing hormones
B) Control by tropic hormones
C) Negative feedback control
