FIN
ALgNURSINGRESERCHTESTBANK
CHAPTER1
1. Whichofthefollowinggroupswouldbegbestservedbythedevelopmentofascientificgbasegforg
nursingpractice?
A) Nursingadministrators
B) Practicingnurses
C) Nurses'clients
D) Healthcarepolicymakers
Ans:CgFe
edback:
Nursingresearchissystematicinquirydesignedtodeveloptrustworthyevidenceaboutgissueso
fimportancetonursesandtheirclients.Nurseleadersrecognizetheneedtobasegspecificnursingd
ecisionsonevidenceindicatingthatthedecisionsareclinicallygappropriate,cost-
effective,andresultinpositiveclientoutcomes.Althoughallofthegpeoplelistedwouldbenefitf
romthedevelopmentofascientificbasefornursingpractice,ultimatelyitisgthegclientsthemsel
veswhowouldmostbenefit,astheygwouldgthengreceivethemostgappropriateandgmostgeffect
ivecare.
2. Anespeciallyimportantgoalforthenursingprofessionistodowhichofthefollowing?
A) Conductresearchtobetterunderstandthegcontextofnursingpractice
B) Establishasolidbaseofevidenceforpracticethroughdisciplinedresearch
C) Documenttherolenursingservesinsociety
D) Establishresearchpriorities
Ans:BgFe
edback:
Nursesareincreasinglyexpectedgtounderstandandundertakeresearchandtobasetheirgpracti
ceonevidencefromgresearch.gEvidence-
basedpracticeisgtheusegofthebestgevidenceinmakingpatientcaredecisionsandtypicallyco
mesfromresearchconductedgbynursesandotherhealth-
careprofessionals.Allgoftheotheranswersarepossiblegoalsgforthenursingprofession,butnon
eisasimportantasestablishingevidenceforpractice.
3. Whichofthefollowingisafundamentalbeliefofthosewhoholdtotheconstructivistparadigm
?
A) Afixedrealityexistsinnatureforghumanstounderstand
B) Thenatureofrealityhaschangedovertime
C) Realityisgmultiplyconstructedandmultiplyinterpretedbyhumans
D) Realitycannotbestudiedempirically
Ans:gCgF
eedback:
Intheconstructivistparadigm,itisassumedgthatrealitygisnotafixedgentitygbutisrathergacons
tructionofhumanminds,andthus“truth”gisacompositegofmultipleconstructionsgofreality.
However,constructivistsdobelievethatrealitycanbestudiedempirically.
Beliefingafixedrealitythatexistsinnatureforghumanstounderstandwouldbeangexampleofap
ositivistbelief,notaconstructivistone.Theconstructivistbeliefdoesnotgholdsomuchthatthegna
tureofrealityhaschangedovertimeasthatithasalwaysbeengconstructedbyhumanminds.
Page1
,FINALgNURSINGRESERCHTESTBANK
4. Whichofthefollowingisafundamentalbeliefofthosewhoholdtothepositivistparadigm
?
A) Theresearcherisobjectiveandindependentofthosebeingstudied
B) Theresearchercannotinteractwiththosebeingstudied
C) Theresearcherinstructsthosebeingstudiedtobeobjectiveinprovidingginfor
mation
D) Thegdistancebetweengtheresearcherandthosegbeinggresearchedisgminimizedtogenh
ancetheginteractiveprocess
Ans:AgFe
edback:
Inthepositivistparadigm,itisgassumedthatgthereisanobjectiverealityandthatgnaturalgphenom
enaareregularandorderly.Inthegconstructivistparadigm,itisassumedthatgrealityisgnotafixe
dentitybutgisgrathergaconstructionofhumanminds,andthus“truth”gisacompositeofmultiplec
onstructionsofreality.
5. Whichofthefollowingattributesisleastcharacteristicofthetraditionalscientificmethod
?
A) Controloverexternalfactors
B) Systematicmeasurementandobservationofnaturalphenomena
C) Testingofhunchesdeducedgfromtheoryorpriorresearch
D) Emphasisonaholisticviewofaphenomenon,studiedinarichcontext
Ans:DgFe
edback:
Quantitativeresearch(associatedwithpositivism)involvesthecollectionandanalysisgofnu
mericinformation.Quantitativeresearchistypicallyconductedwithinthegtraditionalscientif
icmethod,whichissystematicandcontrolled.Quantitativegresearchersbasetheirfindingsone
mpiricalevidence(evidencecollectedbywayoftheghumansenses)andstriveforgeneralizabil
itybeyondgasinglesettingorsituation.
Constructivistresearchersemphasizeunderstandinghumanexperienceasitgislivedgthroughthec
ollectionandganalysisofsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexiblegprocedures;thisparadig
misgassociatedwithgqualitativeresearch.
6. Empiricismreferstowhichofthefollowing?
A) Makinggeneralizationsfromspecificobservations
B) Articulatingastudypurposeintermsofanappropriateclassificationsystem
C) Gatheringevidenceaboutreal-worldphenomenathroughthesenses
D) VerifyingtheassumptionsonwhichthestudywasbasedgAns:
C
Page2
, Feedback:
Empiricismisgatheringandanalyzingevidencethroughtheirsenses.Quantitative
researchinvolvesthecollectionandanalysisofnumericinformation.Quantitativegresearchisgty
picallyconductedwithinthetraditionalscientificmethod,whichisgsystematicandcontrolled.Q
uantitativeresearchersbasetheirfindingsonempiricalgevidenceandstriveforgeneralizabilitybe
yondasinglesettingorsituation.
Constructivistresearchersemphasizeunderstandinghumanexperienceasitgislivedgthroughthec
ollectionandganalysisofsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexiblegprocedures;thisparadig
misgassociatedwithgqualitativeresearch.
7. Whichofthefollowingisahallmarkofthescientificmethod?
A) Rigorous
B) Holistic
C) Systematic
D) Flexible
Ans:CgFe
edback:
Quantitativeresearchisgtypicallyconductedwithinthetraditionalscientificmethod,gwhich
issystematicandcontrolled.Quantitativeresearchersbasetheirfindingsongempiricalevid
enceandstriveforgeneralizabilitybeyondasinglesettingorsituation.gConstructivistresear
chersemphasizeunderstandinghumanexperienceasitgisglivedgthroughthecollectionanda
nalysisofsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexiblegprocedures;thisparadigmisgassoci
atedwithgqualitativeresearch.
8. Whichofthefollowinglimitsthecapacityofthescientificmethodtoanswergquestionsgaboutg
humans?
A) Thenecessityofdepartingfromtraditionalbeliefs
B) Thedifficultyofaccuratelymeasuringcomplexhumantraits
C) Thelackoffundingforgresearch
D) Theshortageoftheoriesabouthumanbehavior
Ans:BgFe
edback:
Nursingresearchfocusesonhumanbeings,whoareinherentlycomplicatedanddiverse.gThetrad
itionalscientificmethodtypicallyfocusesonarelativelysmallaspectofhumangexperiencesinas
inglestudy.Complexitiestendgtobecontrolledand,gifpossible,geliminatedratherthanstudied
directly,andthisnarrownessoffocuscansometimesgobscureginsights.
9. Theclassicscientificmethodhasitsintellectualrootsinwhichofthefollowing?
A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricism
Ans:A
g
Page3
, Feedback:
Inthepositivistparadigm,itisassumedthatthereisanobjectiverealityandthatnatural
phenomenaareregularandorderly.Therelatedassumptionofdeterminismrefersgtothegbeliefth
atgphenomenaresultfromgpriorgcausesgandarenotghaphazard.Inthegconstructivistparadigm
,itisassumedthatrealityisgnotafixedentitybutisgrathergagconstructionofhumanminds,andth
us“truth”isacompositeofmultipleconstructionsgofreality.Althoughthegwordempiricismhas
cometobealliedwiththeclassicscientificgmethod,researchersinbothtraditionsgatherandanal
yzeevidenceempirically,thatis,gthroughtheirsenses.
10. Constructivistqualitativeresearchtypicallydoeswhichofthefollowing?
A) Involvesdeductiveprocesses
B) Attemptstocontrolgtheresearchcontexttobetterunderstandthephenomenongbeing
gstudied
C) Involvesgatheringnarrative,subjectivematerials
D) Focusesonnumericinformation
Ans:CgFe
edback:
Intheconstructivistparadigm,itgisassumedthatgrealityisgnotafixedentitybutisgrathergaconstr
uctionofhumanminds,andthus“truth”isacompositeofmultipleconstructionsgofreality.Inthe
positivistparadigm,itisgassumedthattheregisganobjectiverealityandgthatnaturalphenomena
areregularandorderly.Constructivistresearchersemphasizegunderstandinghumanexperien
ceasitislivedthroughthegcollectionandanalysisofgsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexib
leprocedures;gthisparadigmisgassociatedgwithqualitativeresearch.Theotherganswersaretrue
rgofpositivist,quantitativeresearch.
11. Quantitativeandqualitativeresearchsharewhichofthefollowingfeatures?Selectgallgthatga
pply.
A) Adesiretounderstandthetruestategofhumanaffairs
B) Anemphasisonformalmeasurement
C) Arelianceonexternalevidencecollectedthroughthesenses
D) Utilitytothenursingprofession
Ans:A,C,D
Feedback:
Bothquantitativeandqualitativeresearchgshareadesiregtounderstandthetruegstateofghuman
affairs,arelianceonexternalevidencecollectedthroughthesenses,andutilitytogthenursingprof
ession.However,quantitative,notqualitative,researchemphasizesgformalmeasurement.
12. Whichofthefollowingisadescriptivequestionthataqualitativeresearchermostlikelygwoulda
sk?
A) Whatisthenatureofthisphenomenon?
B) Whatistheaverageintensityofthisphenomenon?
C) Howfrequentlydoesthisphenomenonoccur?
D) Whatistheaveragegdurationofthisphenomenon?
Ans:A
Page4
ALgNURSINGRESERCHTESTBANK
CHAPTER1
1. Whichofthefollowinggroupswouldbegbestservedbythedevelopmentofascientificgbasegforg
nursingpractice?
A) Nursingadministrators
B) Practicingnurses
C) Nurses'clients
D) Healthcarepolicymakers
Ans:CgFe
edback:
Nursingresearchissystematicinquirydesignedtodeveloptrustworthyevidenceaboutgissueso
fimportancetonursesandtheirclients.Nurseleadersrecognizetheneedtobasegspecificnursingd
ecisionsonevidenceindicatingthatthedecisionsareclinicallygappropriate,cost-
effective,andresultinpositiveclientoutcomes.Althoughallofthegpeoplelistedwouldbenefitf
romthedevelopmentofascientificbasefornursingpractice,ultimatelyitisgthegclientsthemsel
veswhowouldmostbenefit,astheygwouldgthengreceivethemostgappropriateandgmostgeffect
ivecare.
2. Anespeciallyimportantgoalforthenursingprofessionistodowhichofthefollowing?
A) Conductresearchtobetterunderstandthegcontextofnursingpractice
B) Establishasolidbaseofevidenceforpracticethroughdisciplinedresearch
C) Documenttherolenursingservesinsociety
D) Establishresearchpriorities
Ans:BgFe
edback:
Nursesareincreasinglyexpectedgtounderstandandundertakeresearchandtobasetheirgpracti
ceonevidencefromgresearch.gEvidence-
basedpracticeisgtheusegofthebestgevidenceinmakingpatientcaredecisionsandtypicallyco
mesfromresearchconductedgbynursesandotherhealth-
careprofessionals.Allgoftheotheranswersarepossiblegoalsgforthenursingprofession,butnon
eisasimportantasestablishingevidenceforpractice.
3. Whichofthefollowingisafundamentalbeliefofthosewhoholdtotheconstructivistparadigm
?
A) Afixedrealityexistsinnatureforghumanstounderstand
B) Thenatureofrealityhaschangedovertime
C) Realityisgmultiplyconstructedandmultiplyinterpretedbyhumans
D) Realitycannotbestudiedempirically
Ans:gCgF
eedback:
Intheconstructivistparadigm,itisassumedgthatrealitygisnotafixedgentitygbutisrathergacons
tructionofhumanminds,andthus“truth”gisacompositegofmultipleconstructionsgofreality.
However,constructivistsdobelievethatrealitycanbestudiedempirically.
Beliefingafixedrealitythatexistsinnatureforghumanstounderstandwouldbeangexampleofap
ositivistbelief,notaconstructivistone.Theconstructivistbeliefdoesnotgholdsomuchthatthegna
tureofrealityhaschangedovertimeasthatithasalwaysbeengconstructedbyhumanminds.
Page1
,FINALgNURSINGRESERCHTESTBANK
4. Whichofthefollowingisafundamentalbeliefofthosewhoholdtothepositivistparadigm
?
A) Theresearcherisobjectiveandindependentofthosebeingstudied
B) Theresearchercannotinteractwiththosebeingstudied
C) Theresearcherinstructsthosebeingstudiedtobeobjectiveinprovidingginfor
mation
D) Thegdistancebetweengtheresearcherandthosegbeinggresearchedisgminimizedtogenh
ancetheginteractiveprocess
Ans:AgFe
edback:
Inthepositivistparadigm,itisgassumedthatgthereisanobjectiverealityandthatgnaturalgphenom
enaareregularandorderly.Inthegconstructivistparadigm,itisassumedthatgrealityisgnotafixe
dentitybutgisgrathergaconstructionofhumanminds,andthus“truth”gisacompositeofmultiplec
onstructionsofreality.
5. Whichofthefollowingattributesisleastcharacteristicofthetraditionalscientificmethod
?
A) Controloverexternalfactors
B) Systematicmeasurementandobservationofnaturalphenomena
C) Testingofhunchesdeducedgfromtheoryorpriorresearch
D) Emphasisonaholisticviewofaphenomenon,studiedinarichcontext
Ans:DgFe
edback:
Quantitativeresearch(associatedwithpositivism)involvesthecollectionandanalysisgofnu
mericinformation.Quantitativeresearchistypicallyconductedwithinthegtraditionalscientif
icmethod,whichissystematicandcontrolled.Quantitativegresearchersbasetheirfindingsone
mpiricalevidence(evidencecollectedbywayoftheghumansenses)andstriveforgeneralizabil
itybeyondgasinglesettingorsituation.
Constructivistresearchersemphasizeunderstandinghumanexperienceasitgislivedgthroughthec
ollectionandganalysisofsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexiblegprocedures;thisparadig
misgassociatedwithgqualitativeresearch.
6. Empiricismreferstowhichofthefollowing?
A) Makinggeneralizationsfromspecificobservations
B) Articulatingastudypurposeintermsofanappropriateclassificationsystem
C) Gatheringevidenceaboutreal-worldphenomenathroughthesenses
D) VerifyingtheassumptionsonwhichthestudywasbasedgAns:
C
Page2
, Feedback:
Empiricismisgatheringandanalyzingevidencethroughtheirsenses.Quantitative
researchinvolvesthecollectionandanalysisofnumericinformation.Quantitativegresearchisgty
picallyconductedwithinthetraditionalscientificmethod,whichisgsystematicandcontrolled.Q
uantitativeresearchersbasetheirfindingsonempiricalgevidenceandstriveforgeneralizabilitybe
yondasinglesettingorsituation.
Constructivistresearchersemphasizeunderstandinghumanexperienceasitgislivedgthroughthec
ollectionandganalysisofsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexiblegprocedures;thisparadig
misgassociatedwithgqualitativeresearch.
7. Whichofthefollowingisahallmarkofthescientificmethod?
A) Rigorous
B) Holistic
C) Systematic
D) Flexible
Ans:CgFe
edback:
Quantitativeresearchisgtypicallyconductedwithinthetraditionalscientificmethod,gwhich
issystematicandcontrolled.Quantitativeresearchersbasetheirfindingsongempiricalevid
enceandstriveforgeneralizabilitybeyondasinglesettingorsituation.gConstructivistresear
chersemphasizeunderstandinghumanexperienceasitgisglivedgthroughthecollectionanda
nalysisofsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexiblegprocedures;thisparadigmisgassoci
atedwithgqualitativeresearch.
8. Whichofthefollowinglimitsthecapacityofthescientificmethodtoanswergquestionsgaboutg
humans?
A) Thenecessityofdepartingfromtraditionalbeliefs
B) Thedifficultyofaccuratelymeasuringcomplexhumantraits
C) Thelackoffundingforgresearch
D) Theshortageoftheoriesabouthumanbehavior
Ans:BgFe
edback:
Nursingresearchfocusesonhumanbeings,whoareinherentlycomplicatedanddiverse.gThetrad
itionalscientificmethodtypicallyfocusesonarelativelysmallaspectofhumangexperiencesinas
inglestudy.Complexitiestendgtobecontrolledand,gifpossible,geliminatedratherthanstudied
directly,andthisnarrownessoffocuscansometimesgobscureginsights.
9. Theclassicscientificmethodhasitsintellectualrootsinwhichofthefollowing?
A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricism
Ans:A
g
Page3
, Feedback:
Inthepositivistparadigm,itisassumedthatthereisanobjectiverealityandthatnatural
phenomenaareregularandorderly.Therelatedassumptionofdeterminismrefersgtothegbeliefth
atgphenomenaresultfromgpriorgcausesgandarenotghaphazard.Inthegconstructivistparadigm
,itisassumedthatrealityisgnotafixedentitybutisgrathergagconstructionofhumanminds,andth
us“truth”isacompositeofmultipleconstructionsgofreality.Althoughthegwordempiricismhas
cometobealliedwiththeclassicscientificgmethod,researchersinbothtraditionsgatherandanal
yzeevidenceempirically,thatis,gthroughtheirsenses.
10. Constructivistqualitativeresearchtypicallydoeswhichofthefollowing?
A) Involvesdeductiveprocesses
B) Attemptstocontrolgtheresearchcontexttobetterunderstandthephenomenongbeing
gstudied
C) Involvesgatheringnarrative,subjectivematerials
D) Focusesonnumericinformation
Ans:CgFe
edback:
Intheconstructivistparadigm,itgisassumedthatgrealityisgnotafixedentitybutisgrathergaconstr
uctionofhumanminds,andthus“truth”isacompositeofmultipleconstructionsgofreality.Inthe
positivistparadigm,itisgassumedthattheregisganobjectiverealityandgthatnaturalphenomena
areregularandorderly.Constructivistresearchersemphasizegunderstandinghumanexperien
ceasitislivedthroughthegcollectionandanalysisofgsubjective,narrativematerialsusingflexib
leprocedures;gthisparadigmisgassociatedgwithqualitativeresearch.Theotherganswersaretrue
rgofpositivist,quantitativeresearch.
11. Quantitativeandqualitativeresearchsharewhichofthefollowingfeatures?Selectgallgthatga
pply.
A) Adesiretounderstandthetruestategofhumanaffairs
B) Anemphasisonformalmeasurement
C) Arelianceonexternalevidencecollectedthroughthesenses
D) Utilitytothenursingprofession
Ans:A,C,D
Feedback:
Bothquantitativeandqualitativeresearchgshareadesiregtounderstandthetruegstateofghuman
affairs,arelianceonexternalevidencecollectedthroughthesenses,andutilitytogthenursingprof
ession.However,quantitative,notqualitative,researchemphasizesgformalmeasurement.
12. Whichofthefollowingisadescriptivequestionthataqualitativeresearchermostlikelygwoulda
sk?
A) Whatisthenatureofthisphenomenon?
B) Whatistheaverageintensityofthisphenomenon?
C) Howfrequentlydoesthisphenomenonoccur?
D) Whatistheaveragegdurationofthisphenomenon?
Ans:A
Page4
