MILADY PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF
THE SKIN EXAM 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
apocrine gland -answer/Coiled structures attached to the
hair follicles under the arm and genital area; secrete sweat
arrector pili muscle -answer/The small, involuntary
muscle in the base of the hair follicle; goosebump
barrier function -answer/Protective barrier of the
epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect
the surface from irritation and dehydration.
bilayers -answer/a thin polar membrane made of two
layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets
that form a continuous barrier around all cells.
ceramides -answer/Glycolipid materials that are a natural
part of skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function.
,collagen -answer/structural protein found in the skin and
connective tissue
couperose -answer/redness; capillaries that have been
damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels;
commonly seen with telangiectasia
corneocytes -answer/Another name for a stratum corneum
cell. Hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these
"dead" protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.
dermal papillae -answer/Membranes of ridges and
grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve
endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to
skin and follicles.
dermis -answer/Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or
true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin.
desmosomes -answer/The structures that assist in holding
cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins.
,eccrine glands -answer/Sweat glands found all over the
body with openings on the skin's surface through pores;
not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an
offensive odor.
elastin -answer/Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives
skin its elasticity and firmness.
epidermal growth factor -answer/Abbreviated EGF;
stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.
epidermis -answer/Outer layer of skin
eumelanin -answer/A type of melanin that is dark brown
to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly
produce eumelanin. There are two types of melanin; the
other type is pheomelanin.
Fibroblasts -answer/Cells that stimulate cells, collagen,
and amino acids that form proteins.
, follicles -answer/hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are
tubelike openings in the epidermis
glycation -answer/Caused by an elevation in blood sugar,
glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose
molecule resulting in the formation of damaged,
nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation
End products( a.k.a. AGES). Glycation alters protein
structures and decreases biological activity.
Glycosaminoglycans -answer/A water-binding substance
between the fibers of the dermis.
hair papillae -answer/Cone-shaped elevations at the base
of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are
filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells
necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment.
high-energy visible light -answer/abbreviated as HEV;
light emitting from electronic devices, reported to
THE SKIN EXAM 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
apocrine gland -answer/Coiled structures attached to the
hair follicles under the arm and genital area; secrete sweat
arrector pili muscle -answer/The small, involuntary
muscle in the base of the hair follicle; goosebump
barrier function -answer/Protective barrier of the
epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect
the surface from irritation and dehydration.
bilayers -answer/a thin polar membrane made of two
layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets
that form a continuous barrier around all cells.
ceramides -answer/Glycolipid materials that are a natural
part of skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function.
,collagen -answer/structural protein found in the skin and
connective tissue
couperose -answer/redness; capillaries that have been
damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels;
commonly seen with telangiectasia
corneocytes -answer/Another name for a stratum corneum
cell. Hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these
"dead" protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.
dermal papillae -answer/Membranes of ridges and
grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve
endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to
skin and follicles.
dermis -answer/Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or
true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin.
desmosomes -answer/The structures that assist in holding
cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins.
,eccrine glands -answer/Sweat glands found all over the
body with openings on the skin's surface through pores;
not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an
offensive odor.
elastin -answer/Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives
skin its elasticity and firmness.
epidermal growth factor -answer/Abbreviated EGF;
stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.
epidermis -answer/Outer layer of skin
eumelanin -answer/A type of melanin that is dark brown
to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly
produce eumelanin. There are two types of melanin; the
other type is pheomelanin.
Fibroblasts -answer/Cells that stimulate cells, collagen,
and amino acids that form proteins.
, follicles -answer/hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are
tubelike openings in the epidermis
glycation -answer/Caused by an elevation in blood sugar,
glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose
molecule resulting in the formation of damaged,
nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation
End products( a.k.a. AGES). Glycation alters protein
structures and decreases biological activity.
Glycosaminoglycans -answer/A water-binding substance
between the fibers of the dermis.
hair papillae -answer/Cone-shaped elevations at the base
of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are
filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells
necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment.
high-energy visible light -answer/abbreviated as HEV;
light emitting from electronic devices, reported to
