Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land questions and solutions

Chapter29:PlantDiversityI:HowPlantsColonizedLand m
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1. Land plants:All plants (even those that are aquatic)that evolved f
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algae and share a great deal of similarities with the charophyte clade
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2. What are the closest relatives of land plants?:Charophytes
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3.What similarities do charophytes share with land plants that suggests a close
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evolutionary linkage between the two?:1.Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
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2. Structure of flagellated sperm mp mp mp




3. Formation of a phragmoplast mp mp mp




4. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins:The cells of both land plants and
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charophytes have distinctive circular rings of proteins in the plasma m
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These protein rings synthesize the cellulose microfibrils of the cell wa phytell.Noncharo-
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algae have linear proteins that synthesize cellulose.
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5. Structure of flagellated sperm:In species of land plants that hav eflagellated mp mp mp m
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sperm, the structure of the sperm closely resembles that of charophy
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6. Phragmoplast: In dividing plant cells, a structure formed by overl mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp apping micro- mp




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7. Formation of a phragmoplast: Particular details of cell division occur only in mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




land plants and certain charophytes.More specifically, a phragmoplast w illformin
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both charophytes and land plants in dividing daughter cells.A cell plate fo the rms in
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middle of the phragmoplast, across the midline of the dividing cell.Di create avision will
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cross wall to separate the two cells.
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8. What genera of charophyte are considered most closely related to land
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plants?: Chara and Coleochaete
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9. Sporopollenin:Adurablepolymer thatcoversexposedzygotes of charophyte m
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algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from dryi
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, Chapter29:PlantDiversityI:HowPlantsColonizedLand m
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10. What are five adaptations of land plants not present in charophytes that
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enabled land plants to thrive in their new terrestrial environment?:1.Alterna- tion
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of generations
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2. Multicellular, dependent embryos mp mp




3. Walled spores produced in sporangia mp mp mp mp




4. Multicellular gametangia mp




5. Apical meristems mp




11. AlternationofGenerations:Thealternationbetweenthehaploid gametophyte m
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andthediploidsporophyteinaplant'slifecycle.Thekeythingtoremem
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process that the diploid and haploid generations produce actual orga nisms and are
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12. Gametophyte:Themulticellularhaploidstageinthelifecycleofa the plantinwhich m
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plant produces gametes by mitosis
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13. How does a gametophyte produce gametes?:By mitosis mp mp mp mp mp m
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14. Fertilization in Alternation of Generations:Gametophytes pro by duce gametes mp mp mp mp m
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mitosis and they fuse to form a diploid zygote
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15. Sporophyte: Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism. A multicellular m
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sporophyte emerges when a diploid zygote undergoes mitotic divisio loidn.Makeshap-
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spores by meiosis.
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16. Spores:A haploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gametophy m
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17. Summarize the process of alternation of generations:1.The gametophyte m
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(multicellular haploid) produces haploid gametes by mitosis
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2. Two gametes unite during fertilization to form a diploid zygote
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3. The zygote develops into a multicellular sporophyte by mitosis
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4. The sporophyte produces unicellular haploid spores by meiosis
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5. The spores undergo mitosis and form the gametophyte
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