Chapter 29: Plant Diversity 1: How Plants Colonized Land questions and answers

Chapter 29: Plant Diversity 1: How Plants
Colonized Land questions and answers

When did small plants, fungi and animals join land? - ANSWER - In the last 500 billion years
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How many plant species are known? - ANSWER - 290,000
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Similarities between land plants and algae - ANSWER - 1. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing
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2. Structure of flagellated sperm
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3. Formation of a phragmoplast (group of microtubules that form between the daughter
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nuclei of a dividing cell)
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Factors that enabled the move from aquatic to land environment - ANSWER - 1. charophyte
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algae inhibit shallow waters where drying occurs (natural selection favors those that can
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survive drying)
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sporopollenin - ANSWER - durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




Pros of moving to land - ANSWER - 1. bright sunlight unfiltered by water and plankton
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2. more plentiful carbon dioxide
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3. soil at water's edge was rich in mineral nutrients
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Cons of moving to land - ANSWER - 1. scarcity of water
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2. lack of structural support against gravity
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Derived Traits of Land Plants - ANSWER - 1. alternation of generations
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2. multicellular
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3. dependent embryos
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4. walls spores produced in sporangia
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5. multicellular gametangia
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6. apical meristems
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7. cuticle
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8. stomata
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gametophyte - ANSWER - haploid production by mitosis of haploid gametes (egg and mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




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sporophyte - ANSWER - diploid spore producing plant mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




spores - ANSWER - reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without
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fusing with another cell
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, embryophytes - ANSWER - the multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants is such a mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




significant derived trait that land plants
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sporangia - ANSWER - multicellular organs in a sporophyte that produces spores mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




sporocytes - ANSWER - diploid cells within a sporangium that undergo meiosis and mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp




generate the haploid spores
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gametangia - ANSWER - female: archegonia mp mp mp mp mp mp




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apical meristems - ANSWER - growth in length
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cuticle - ANSWER - the epidermis in many species has a covering
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-consists of wax and other polymers mp mp mp mp mp




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stomata - ANSWER - specialized pores allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the
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outside air and the plant
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How did early plants absorb nutrients without roots? - ANSWER - by developing a symbiotic
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relationship with fungi mycorrhizae to develop nutrient uptake
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What distinguished land plants spores from fungi and algae? - ANSWER - 1. different
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chemical composition
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2. different structure of walls
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vascular tissue - ANSWER - cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients
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throughout the plant body
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bryophytes - ANSWER - non-vascular plants mp mp mp mp mp




lycophytes - ANSWER - seedless vascular mp mp mp mp mp




-club mosses and relatives
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monilophytes - ANSWER - seedless vascular mp mp mp mp mp mp




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grade - ANSWER - a collection of organisms that share key biological features
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-do not necessarily share the same ancestry
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seed - ANSWER - embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat
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-divided into into gymnosperms and angiosperms mp mp mp mp mp