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ARDMS PRACTICE Exam Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.
The congenital cardiac anaomaly seen most frequently in adults is:
A. Ebstein's anomaly
B. Bicuspid aortic valve
C. Ventricular septal defect
D. Endocardial cushion defect - Answer✔B. Bicuspid aortic valve
Which endocardiographic window is used in the detection and assessment of the inferior vena
cava?
A. apical
B. subcostal
C. parasternal
D. suprsternal - Answer✔B. Subcostal
What is the number and location of the papillary muscles of a normal mitral valve?
A. one; the posteromedial
B. two; the posterolmedial and anterolateral
C. two; the inferolateral and posteromedial
D. three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral - Answer✔B. two; the
posterolateral and anterolateral
Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with:
A. Opening snap and systolic murmur
B. Diastolic murmur and third heart sound
C. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound
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D. Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur - Answer✔D. Midsystolic click and/or late
systolic murmur
Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from:
A. Dressler's syndrome
B. Ischemic heart disease
C. Bacterial endocarditis
D. Rheumatic heart disease - Answer✔B. Ischemic heart disease
In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation's must have a
diameter of at least:
A. One centimeter
B. Three millimeters
C. Three centimeters
D. Five millimeters - Answer✔B. Three millimeters
How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bed with the left atrium in the normal heart?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four - Answer✔D. four
Which M-mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fenestrated aortic valve?
a. diastolic flutter of the mitral valve
b. premature opening of the aortic valve
c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
d. eary systolic closure of the aortic valve - Answer✔c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on the echocardiogram of patients with
Marfan's syndrome?
A. mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion
B. mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
C. left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation
2
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D. dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis - Answer✔b. mitral valve prolapse
and aortic dilatation
Which term is used to describe a segment of ventricular wall that exhibits no motion?
A. akinesis
B. dyskinesis
C. hypokinesis
D. hyperkinesis - Answer✔A. akinesis
A true aneurysm of the left ventricle can usually be distinguished from a pseudoaneurysm
because a pseudoaneurysm:
A. has a smaller, more narrow neck than a true aneurysm
B. never contain thrombi whereas a true aneurysm always contain a layered thrombus
C. is always larger in overall size than a true aneurysm - Answer✔A. has a smaller, more narrow
neck than a true aneurysm
Which type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis?
a. congestive
b. restrictive
c. hypertrophic
d. infiltrative - Answer✔d. infiltrative
In a patient with carcinoid heart disease, the cardiac sonographer must devote special attention
to identifying abnormalilties of the:
a. aortic arch
b. aortic valve
c. mitral valve
d. tricuspid valve - Answer✔d. tricuspid valve
Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is best for identifying the malformed tricuspid
valve apparatus that characterizes Ebstein's anomaly:
a. apical two chamber
b. apical four chamber
c. parasternal long axis
d. parasternal short axis - Answer✔b. apical four chamber
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated lesion and is usually associated
with:
a. tricuspid atresia
b. atrial septal defect
c. coarctation of the aorta
d. ventricular septal defect - Answer✔d. Ventricular septal defect
Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is best for the assessment of the interatrial
septum?
a. apical long axis
b. apical four chamber
c. parasternal short axis
d. subcostal four chamber - Answer✔d. subcostal
The most common type of atrial septal defect is the:
a. ostium primum
b. sinus venosus
c. coronary sinus
d. ostium secundum - Answer✔d. ostium secundum
M-mode echo demenstration of mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve along with a
decreased "a" wave is most consistent with:
a. pulmonary hypertension
b. pulmonary insufficiency
c. valvular pulmonary stenosis
d. infundibular pulmonary stenosis - Answer✔a. pulmonary hypertension
False overriding of the aorta may be produced on the M-mode echo by:
a. using a transducer with too low a frequency
b. failure to turn the patient into a left decubitus position
c. positioning the transducer in too high an intercostal space
d. positioning the transducer in too low an intercostal space - Answer✔c. positioning the
transducer in too high an intercostal space
Atrial fibrillation is most commonly associated with which valvular disease?
4
ARDMS PRACTICE Exam Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.
The congenital cardiac anaomaly seen most frequently in adults is:
A. Ebstein's anomaly
B. Bicuspid aortic valve
C. Ventricular septal defect
D. Endocardial cushion defect - Answer✔B. Bicuspid aortic valve
Which endocardiographic window is used in the detection and assessment of the inferior vena
cava?
A. apical
B. subcostal
C. parasternal
D. suprsternal - Answer✔B. Subcostal
What is the number and location of the papillary muscles of a normal mitral valve?
A. one; the posteromedial
B. two; the posterolmedial and anterolateral
C. two; the inferolateral and posteromedial
D. three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral - Answer✔B. two; the
posterolateral and anterolateral
Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with:
A. Opening snap and systolic murmur
B. Diastolic murmur and third heart sound
C. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
D. Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur - Answer✔D. Midsystolic click and/or late
systolic murmur
Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from:
A. Dressler's syndrome
B. Ischemic heart disease
C. Bacterial endocarditis
D. Rheumatic heart disease - Answer✔B. Ischemic heart disease
In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation's must have a
diameter of at least:
A. One centimeter
B. Three millimeters
C. Three centimeters
D. Five millimeters - Answer✔B. Three millimeters
How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bed with the left atrium in the normal heart?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four - Answer✔D. four
Which M-mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fenestrated aortic valve?
a. diastolic flutter of the mitral valve
b. premature opening of the aortic valve
c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
d. eary systolic closure of the aortic valve - Answer✔c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on the echocardiogram of patients with
Marfan's syndrome?
A. mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion
B. mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
C. left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
D. dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis - Answer✔b. mitral valve prolapse
and aortic dilatation
Which term is used to describe a segment of ventricular wall that exhibits no motion?
A. akinesis
B. dyskinesis
C. hypokinesis
D. hyperkinesis - Answer✔A. akinesis
A true aneurysm of the left ventricle can usually be distinguished from a pseudoaneurysm
because a pseudoaneurysm:
A. has a smaller, more narrow neck than a true aneurysm
B. never contain thrombi whereas a true aneurysm always contain a layered thrombus
C. is always larger in overall size than a true aneurysm - Answer✔A. has a smaller, more narrow
neck than a true aneurysm
Which type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis?
a. congestive
b. restrictive
c. hypertrophic
d. infiltrative - Answer✔d. infiltrative
In a patient with carcinoid heart disease, the cardiac sonographer must devote special attention
to identifying abnormalilties of the:
a. aortic arch
b. aortic valve
c. mitral valve
d. tricuspid valve - Answer✔d. tricuspid valve
Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is best for identifying the malformed tricuspid
valve apparatus that characterizes Ebstein's anomaly:
a. apical two chamber
b. apical four chamber
c. parasternal long axis
d. parasternal short axis - Answer✔b. apical four chamber
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated lesion and is usually associated
with:
a. tricuspid atresia
b. atrial septal defect
c. coarctation of the aorta
d. ventricular septal defect - Answer✔d. Ventricular septal defect
Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is best for the assessment of the interatrial
septum?
a. apical long axis
b. apical four chamber
c. parasternal short axis
d. subcostal four chamber - Answer✔d. subcostal
The most common type of atrial septal defect is the:
a. ostium primum
b. sinus venosus
c. coronary sinus
d. ostium secundum - Answer✔d. ostium secundum
M-mode echo demenstration of mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve along with a
decreased "a" wave is most consistent with:
a. pulmonary hypertension
b. pulmonary insufficiency
c. valvular pulmonary stenosis
d. infundibular pulmonary stenosis - Answer✔a. pulmonary hypertension
False overriding of the aorta may be produced on the M-mode echo by:
a. using a transducer with too low a frequency
b. failure to turn the patient into a left decubitus position
c. positioning the transducer in too high an intercostal space
d. positioning the transducer in too low an intercostal space - Answer✔c. positioning the
transducer in too high an intercostal space
Atrial fibrillation is most commonly associated with which valvular disease?
4
