Introduction to Atomic Structure
Focus on understanding atomic models for exams.
Importance of grasping key concepts for scoring well.
Rutherford's Model
Conducted experiments using alpha particles and thin gold foil.
Most alpha particles passed through, indicating atoms are mostly empty.
A small fraction (1 in 8000) were deflected, suggesting a concentrated positive charge (nucleus).
, The nucleus is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.
Key Terms
Distance of Closest Approach (R ):Minimum distance an alpha particle can approach the nucleus.
Impact Parameter: Perpendicular distance between the velocity vector of the alpha particle and the center of the nucleus.
Bohr's Model
Addressed limitations of Rutherford's model regarding stability.
Proposed that electrons revolve in fixed orbits (stationary orbits) without losing energy.
Angular momentum of electrons is quantized: ( MVR = \frac{NH}{2\pi} ).
Electrons emit energy only during transitions between energy levels.
Focus on understanding atomic models for exams.
Importance of grasping key concepts for scoring well.
Rutherford's Model
Conducted experiments using alpha particles and thin gold foil.
Most alpha particles passed through, indicating atoms are mostly empty.
A small fraction (1 in 8000) were deflected, suggesting a concentrated positive charge (nucleus).
, The nucleus is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.
Key Terms
Distance of Closest Approach (R ):Minimum distance an alpha particle can approach the nucleus.
Impact Parameter: Perpendicular distance between the velocity vector of the alpha particle and the center of the nucleus.
Bohr's Model
Addressed limitations of Rutherford's model regarding stability.
Proposed that electrons revolve in fixed orbits (stationary orbits) without losing energy.
Angular momentum of electrons is quantized: ( MVR = \frac{NH}{2\pi} ).
Electrons emit energy only during transitions between energy levels.
