UCLA EMT Airway Exam Questions And Answers

Croup - ANS S/S: low-grade fever, barking cough Lung Sounds: stridor Treatment: humidified oxygen Epiglottitis - ANS S/S: drooling, difficulty swallowing, high fever Treatment: treat respiratory distress if present and transport Bronchiolitis - ANS S/S: dehydration, shortness of breath, fever, refusing liquids Treatment: treat respiratory distress with oxygen, treat respiratory failure with BVM ventilations Pneumonia - ANS S/S: shortness of breath develops over a few days, productive cough, fever Lung sounds: clear, rales or rhonchi at the site of infection Treatment: administer oxygen, bronchodilator Pertussis (whooping cough) - ANS S/S: similar to common cold, characteristic whoop sound during inspiration, sneezing, runny nose Treatment: keep airway patent, transport Tuberculosis - ANS S/S: long term cough (3+ weeks), sometimes blood tinged, loss of appetite, fever, chills, night sweats Treatment: wear N95, treat respiratory distress, transport for long-term treatment Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - ANS Chronic bronchitis, emphysema Chronic Bronchitis - ANS S/S: productive cough, pursed lip breathing, prolonged expiration rate, barrel chest Lung sounds: wheezing and rhonchi Treatment: open airway, administer oxygen, keep in Fowlers position or semi-Fowlers position Emphysema - ANS S/S: pursed lip breathing, prolonged expiratory phase, barrel chest Treatment: Administer oxygen, open airway, keep in Fowlers position or semi-Fowlers position Asthma - ANS S/S: loud wheezing, triggered by upper respiratory infection, exercise, exposure to cold air or smoke, emotional stress Treatment: administer oxygen and bronchodilator if available Anaphylaxis - ANS S/S: hives, edema. cyanosis, tightness in chest, dyspnea Lung sounds: wheezing, stridor Treatment: treat respiratory distress, administer epinephrine if upper airway swelling is present Spontaneous pneumothorax - ANS S/S: pleuritic chest pain, stabbing pain on one side worsened by inspiration Lung sounds: breath sounds may be diminished on one side Treatment: transport and continually reassess Pleural effusion - ANS S/S: sudden onset dyspnea, feel better if sitting upright Lung sounds: decreased breath sounds Treatment: Fowlers or semi-fowlers, transport Hyperventilation - ANS S/S: sudden onset, tachypnea, chest pain, numbness/tingling, carpal pedal spasms Treatment: No rebreather, address underlying cause Carbon monoxide poisoning - ANS S/S: flu like symptoms, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, committing, dyspnea, chest pain, confusion, syncope Treatment: high flow oxygen via non-rebreather if conscious, if unconscious full airway control with an airway adjunct and BVM Cystic fibrosis - ANS S/S: sinus congestion, dyspnea, wheezing, asthma like complaints, chronic cough, thick, heavy, discolored mucus Treatment: treat respiratory distress or respiratory failure You are called to care for a 3 year old male patient who's parents report has been running a high grade fever and drooling for the past 24 hours. They now report a high pitched noise coming from the child during inspiration. You suspect this child is suffering from: - ANS epiglottitis You are staffing a youth soccer game and are called over by the coach for a player who is short of breath. The 6 year old is in the tripod position and reporting a sudden onset of shortness of breath. You auscultate a rapid respiratory rate with bilateral wheezes. You suspect: - ANS asthma What is the normal respiration rate for an adult? - ANS 12-20 breaths per minute Which of the following describes inhalation? - ANS The intercostal muscles contract up and the diaphragm contracts down You are responding to an unresponsive male and upon your arrival the patient is not breathing. You suction vomitus from the airway, place an OPA, and begin positive pressure ventilations. Which condition will the patient likely suffer from: - ANS aspirational pneumonia Which condition is described by the breakdown of the alveoli or atelectasis? - ANS emphysema You are treating a 28 year old male who is reporting a sudden onset of shortness of breath. He denies medical history and his vital signs are BP 136/90, P 101, RR 30 and SpO2% 91. You auscultate absent lung sounds on the right but lear lung sounds on the left. You suspect: - ANS pneumothorax