PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM 300+ QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is pulmonary disease? - ANSWER-Type of disease that affects the lungs and
other associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary disease - ANSWER-Acute, obstructive, chronic or
infectious/non-infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - ANSWER-
True - the heart in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - ANSWER--Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood - ANSWER-hemoptysis
What is kussmal respiration? - ANSWER-increased respirations and tidal volumes
,Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - ANSWER-cheyne-
stokes
What is hypoxemia - ANSWER-reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
What is hypoxia? - ANSWER-deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the
tissues
What happens in respiratory failure? - ANSWER-Defined as inadequate gas
exchange. Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from
disease to other body systems
What is flail chest? - ANSWER-Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to
move independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - ANSWER--Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - ANSWER-occurs when a small
air blister (bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
,What is secondary pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Caused by disease, trauma, injury,
or condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - ANSWER-transthoracic needle
aspiration
When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - ANSWER-
Open air pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during
expiration. Closed air does not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space - ANSWER-pleural effusion
Collection of blood in the pleural space - ANSWER-hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space - ANSWER-Empyema
what is a restrictive lung disorder - ANSWER-decrease compliance of the lung
tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - ANSWER-Individuals
experience dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - ANSWER-Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - ANSWER--Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
, -fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue - ANSWER-atelectasis
What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - ANSWER-- Compression
- Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - ANSWER--Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi - ANSWER-Bronchiectasis
clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling
sputum, hemoptysis and clubbing - ANSWER-bronchiectasis
excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs - ANSWER-
pulmonary fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis - ANSWER-caused by formation of scar
tissue after active pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, or
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is pulmonary disease? - ANSWER-Type of disease that affects the lungs and
other associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary disease - ANSWER-Acute, obstructive, chronic or
infectious/non-infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - ANSWER-
True - the heart in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - ANSWER--Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood - ANSWER-hemoptysis
What is kussmal respiration? - ANSWER-increased respirations and tidal volumes
,Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - ANSWER-cheyne-
stokes
What is hypoxemia - ANSWER-reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
What is hypoxia? - ANSWER-deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the
tissues
What happens in respiratory failure? - ANSWER-Defined as inadequate gas
exchange. Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from
disease to other body systems
What is flail chest? - ANSWER-Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to
move independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - ANSWER--Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - ANSWER-occurs when a small
air blister (bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
,What is secondary pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Caused by disease, trauma, injury,
or condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - ANSWER-transthoracic needle
aspiration
When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - ANSWER-
Open air pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during
expiration. Closed air does not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space - ANSWER-pleural effusion
Collection of blood in the pleural space - ANSWER-hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space - ANSWER-Empyema
what is a restrictive lung disorder - ANSWER-decrease compliance of the lung
tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - ANSWER-Individuals
experience dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - ANSWER-Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - ANSWER--Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
, -fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue - ANSWER-atelectasis
What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - ANSWER-- Compression
- Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - ANSWER--Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi - ANSWER-Bronchiectasis
clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling
sputum, hemoptysis and clubbing - ANSWER-bronchiectasis
excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs - ANSWER-
pulmonary fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis - ANSWER-caused by formation of scar
tissue after active pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, or
