Inflammation/Immunity N440 (Exam 1)Already
Passed
What is a left shift or bandemia? - =increased count of immature neutrophils
A differential white blood cell count has been ordered for a patient with sepsis. What elevated
result does the nurse anticipate? - =Band neutrophils.
Rationale: Bone marrow cannot produce enough mature neutrophils to keep in pace with the
infection.
What happens during stage II of the inflammatory process? - =1. Pus formation
2. Increased number circulatory neutrophils
3. Neutrophils attack and destroy the organism.
(repair and regeneration: collagen formation)
Cells involved in general inflammation process: - =- neutrophils and macrophages (destroy and
eliminate invaders)
- basophils and eosinophils release chemicals on blood vessels that help actions of neutrophils
and macrophages
Best way to prevent pneumonia (elderly): - =vaccine
Patients with COPD and malnourishment are at increased risk for: - =pneumonia
Purpose of mucolytics: - =thin secretions to make them easier to expectorate
Side effect of Sudafed - =restlessness, not being able to sleep
,New diagnosis of COPD: first thing to discuss - =family patient's concerns, whether they have
accurate information, develop teaching plan
When to empty colostomy/ostomy: - =When it is one-third to one-half full of stool
Complication associated w Crohn's disease and why?? - =Fistula-- deep ulcerations and strictures
occur within bowel which increases fistula risk.
Indicators of ulcerative colitis: - =--10-13 bloody liquid stools/day
--fever?
--low skin turgor
--low HgB and HCT
-- hemorrhage may occur
-- nutritional deficiencies
Potential complications of Chrone's disease: - =fistulas, osteoporosis, malabsorption, absess
formation
Diet for diverticular disease: - =-Recommend whole grains because of fiber
-Dietary fats should be reduced
-If pt. wants beef, should be lean.
-Avoid seedy foods (strawberries, tomatoes)
First line treatment for mild ulcerative colitis: - =Sulfasalazine
Differentiation factor between Crohn's and UC? - =UC patients may experience hemorrhage
Fiber limitations and diverticulitis: - =Low fiber when diverticulitis is active/with exacerbation,
high fiber once inflammation has subsided.
,Complication seen exclusively in patients with Ulcerative Colitis?? - =Colorectal cancer.
What would you give a patient with UC complaining of severe diarrhea? - =Glucocorticoids
(prednisone and prednisolone). anti-diarrheals only symptomatic
Clinical findings that indicate ulcerative colitis: - =presence of blood and mucous in stool
How do WBC counts change with UC and Chrone's? - =increase
Peritonitis signs and symptoms/findings: - =anorexia, distended abdomen, HIGH GRADE fever,
urine output decreased, unable to pass gas, vomiting
Appendicitis complications - =may develop perforation which can lead to peritonitis. Rapid
assessment and possible surgical intervention needed.
What is IBS? - =chronic inflammatory processes most common in small and large intestine
2 main types of IBS: - =Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis location, process - =Widespread, continuous inflammation of the colon and
rectum. Starts in rectum and can progress proximally. Inflammation of the mucosa and
submucosa in rectum and colon.
Causes of UC: - =exact cause unknown. genetic, immunologic, environmental factors
Factors that can cause UC exacerbation: - =foods, intestinal infection
Older adults with UC are at increased risk for: - =fluid and electrolyte imbalances, dehydration
ULCERS UC acronym: - =U: Urgent/frequent need to have bowel movements
, L: Loss of weight due to diarrhea, Low RBC (anemia)
C: Cramps in abdomen (very painful)
E: Electrolyte imbalances, Elevated temp
R: Rectal bleeding
S: Severe diarrhea w pus, blood, and mucous
UC s/s: - =-malaise, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, dehydration, fever
-tenesmus and lower abdominal pain relieved with defecation
- 10 to 20 liquid bloody stools a day with exacerbation
NSAID use and UC - =Pts we UC should not take NSAIDS
UC diagnostics - =-colonoscopy: most definitive
-CT scan
-Barium Enema: able to examine the intestinal tract
UC abnormal labs - =--WBC elevated: autoimmune
--RBC low: anemia from bloody stools
--Electrolytes probably low: potassium and sodium from defecation
--Albumin and Protein: probably low from malnutrition
UC non-surgical interventions: - =-drug therapy
-nutritional therapy and rest
-physical and emotional rest
-teach patient: stool evaluation, monitor skin, weight trends
Drug therapy for UC and CD? - =--Aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine and mesalamine): treat mild
to moderate UC &/OR maintain remission
--Glucocorticoids (prednisone): prescribed during exacerbation; anti-inflammatory
Passed
What is a left shift or bandemia? - =increased count of immature neutrophils
A differential white blood cell count has been ordered for a patient with sepsis. What elevated
result does the nurse anticipate? - =Band neutrophils.
Rationale: Bone marrow cannot produce enough mature neutrophils to keep in pace with the
infection.
What happens during stage II of the inflammatory process? - =1. Pus formation
2. Increased number circulatory neutrophils
3. Neutrophils attack and destroy the organism.
(repair and regeneration: collagen formation)
Cells involved in general inflammation process: - =- neutrophils and macrophages (destroy and
eliminate invaders)
- basophils and eosinophils release chemicals on blood vessels that help actions of neutrophils
and macrophages
Best way to prevent pneumonia (elderly): - =vaccine
Patients with COPD and malnourishment are at increased risk for: - =pneumonia
Purpose of mucolytics: - =thin secretions to make them easier to expectorate
Side effect of Sudafed - =restlessness, not being able to sleep
,New diagnosis of COPD: first thing to discuss - =family patient's concerns, whether they have
accurate information, develop teaching plan
When to empty colostomy/ostomy: - =When it is one-third to one-half full of stool
Complication associated w Crohn's disease and why?? - =Fistula-- deep ulcerations and strictures
occur within bowel which increases fistula risk.
Indicators of ulcerative colitis: - =--10-13 bloody liquid stools/day
--fever?
--low skin turgor
--low HgB and HCT
-- hemorrhage may occur
-- nutritional deficiencies
Potential complications of Chrone's disease: - =fistulas, osteoporosis, malabsorption, absess
formation
Diet for diverticular disease: - =-Recommend whole grains because of fiber
-Dietary fats should be reduced
-If pt. wants beef, should be lean.
-Avoid seedy foods (strawberries, tomatoes)
First line treatment for mild ulcerative colitis: - =Sulfasalazine
Differentiation factor between Crohn's and UC? - =UC patients may experience hemorrhage
Fiber limitations and diverticulitis: - =Low fiber when diverticulitis is active/with exacerbation,
high fiber once inflammation has subsided.
,Complication seen exclusively in patients with Ulcerative Colitis?? - =Colorectal cancer.
What would you give a patient with UC complaining of severe diarrhea? - =Glucocorticoids
(prednisone and prednisolone). anti-diarrheals only symptomatic
Clinical findings that indicate ulcerative colitis: - =presence of blood and mucous in stool
How do WBC counts change with UC and Chrone's? - =increase
Peritonitis signs and symptoms/findings: - =anorexia, distended abdomen, HIGH GRADE fever,
urine output decreased, unable to pass gas, vomiting
Appendicitis complications - =may develop perforation which can lead to peritonitis. Rapid
assessment and possible surgical intervention needed.
What is IBS? - =chronic inflammatory processes most common in small and large intestine
2 main types of IBS: - =Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis location, process - =Widespread, continuous inflammation of the colon and
rectum. Starts in rectum and can progress proximally. Inflammation of the mucosa and
submucosa in rectum and colon.
Causes of UC: - =exact cause unknown. genetic, immunologic, environmental factors
Factors that can cause UC exacerbation: - =foods, intestinal infection
Older adults with UC are at increased risk for: - =fluid and electrolyte imbalances, dehydration
ULCERS UC acronym: - =U: Urgent/frequent need to have bowel movements
, L: Loss of weight due to diarrhea, Low RBC (anemia)
C: Cramps in abdomen (very painful)
E: Electrolyte imbalances, Elevated temp
R: Rectal bleeding
S: Severe diarrhea w pus, blood, and mucous
UC s/s: - =-malaise, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, dehydration, fever
-tenesmus and lower abdominal pain relieved with defecation
- 10 to 20 liquid bloody stools a day with exacerbation
NSAID use and UC - =Pts we UC should not take NSAIDS
UC diagnostics - =-colonoscopy: most definitive
-CT scan
-Barium Enema: able to examine the intestinal tract
UC abnormal labs - =--WBC elevated: autoimmune
--RBC low: anemia from bloody stools
--Electrolytes probably low: potassium and sodium from defecation
--Albumin and Protein: probably low from malnutrition
UC non-surgical interventions: - =-drug therapy
-nutritional therapy and rest
-physical and emotional rest
-teach patient: stool evaluation, monitor skin, weight trends
Drug therapy for UC and CD? - =--Aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine and mesalamine): treat mild
to moderate UC &/OR maintain remission
--Glucocorticoids (prednisone): prescribed during exacerbation; anti-inflammatory
