Uconn Nutrition 1165 Exam #2 NEWEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Where does energy production from nutrients occur in our cells? - ANSWERS
Mitochondria
What pathway produces the most ATP? - ANSWERS Glycolysis (2 ATP) + Citric Acid
Cycle (2 ATP) + Electron Transport Chain (28 ATP)
What foods are good sources of unrefined complex carbohydrates? Unrefined simple
carbohydrates? - ANSWERS • Good sources of unrefined complex carbs: whole grains,
legumes
• Good sources of unrefined simple carbs: milk, fruits, vegetables
What are the differences between refined flour and unrefined flour? - ANSWERS
Unrefined flour has bran and germ, while refined grains are made largely from the
endosperm and are mostly starch
What is the basic unit of carbohydrate? - ANSWERS Monosaccharides, particularly
glucose and fructose
How are bonds between monosaccharides formed? Broken? - ANSWERS •
Condensation - links bonds between sugar molecules
• Hydrolysis - breaks bonds between sugar molecules
List three common simple carbohydrates. Where are they found in the diet? Where are
they found in the body? - ANSWERS • Glucose - corn syrup
• Galactose - milk
• Fructose - fruit
• absorbed directly into bloodstream following digestion
Why is added sugar considered a source of empty kcalories? - ANSWERS They lack
the fiber, vitamins, and minerals found in the original plant. Low nutrient density
List the different types of complex carbohydrates and where they are found in food -
ANSWERS • Glycogen- No glycogen in food because lost during slaughter
• Starch- Vegetables (in roots and tubers); Grains (in seeds); Legumes ( beans)
• Dietary fiber- found in fruits/ vegetables. Can be added to foods
, How do different complex carbohydrates affect our glycemic response? What nutrition
information is used to compare different carbohydrates? - ANSWERS • Raise blood
sugar SLOWLY
• Glycemic index - ranking of how a food affects blood glucose compared to a reference
value of 100
• Glycemic load - index of glycemic response that occurs after eating specific food
How does fiber affect our cardiovascular health and gastrointestinal health? -
ANSWERS Fiber isn't digested by human enzymes. It can help by lowering a person's
blood cholesterol, and increase their transit time
What is the main function of glucose in the body? - ANSWERS To provide immediate
energy to the cell
When blood sugar drops, how do we increase it to maintain normal levels? -
ANSWERS Inject insulin, consume carbohydrates
Describe gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) - ANSWERS
•Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of new glucose by the liver from amino acids
• Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucagon and is released to the liver
to initiate glycogenesis
What is glycogen and where is it stored? - ANSWERS • Glycogen is a polysaccharide
made of many glucose linked in a highly branched structure
• Stored in muscles and liver in humans
• Storage form carbs in animals
Under what dietary conditions do we increase our glycogen stores? - ANSWERS We
increase glycogen stores when we do not need immediate energy
Under what dietary conditions are our glycogen stores depleted/used? - ANSWERS
Glycogen stores are used when we are depleted of our energy
Compare the roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose. - ANSWERS
•Insulin - lowers blood sugar
• Glucagon - raises blood sugar
Where is glucose and insulin made and where do they exert their metabolic actions? -
ANSWERS Insulin and glucagon both made in pancreas & preform their work in
bloodstream
Describe what happens during the process of glycolysis - ANSWERS Glucose breaks
down into 2 molecules of pyruvate.
What is diabetes and what are the long-term complications of this disease? -
ANSWERS Diabetes is a disease caused by either insufficient insulin production or
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Where does energy production from nutrients occur in our cells? - ANSWERS
Mitochondria
What pathway produces the most ATP? - ANSWERS Glycolysis (2 ATP) + Citric Acid
Cycle (2 ATP) + Electron Transport Chain (28 ATP)
What foods are good sources of unrefined complex carbohydrates? Unrefined simple
carbohydrates? - ANSWERS • Good sources of unrefined complex carbs: whole grains,
legumes
• Good sources of unrefined simple carbs: milk, fruits, vegetables
What are the differences between refined flour and unrefined flour? - ANSWERS
Unrefined flour has bran and germ, while refined grains are made largely from the
endosperm and are mostly starch
What is the basic unit of carbohydrate? - ANSWERS Monosaccharides, particularly
glucose and fructose
How are bonds between monosaccharides formed? Broken? - ANSWERS •
Condensation - links bonds between sugar molecules
• Hydrolysis - breaks bonds between sugar molecules
List three common simple carbohydrates. Where are they found in the diet? Where are
they found in the body? - ANSWERS • Glucose - corn syrup
• Galactose - milk
• Fructose - fruit
• absorbed directly into bloodstream following digestion
Why is added sugar considered a source of empty kcalories? - ANSWERS They lack
the fiber, vitamins, and minerals found in the original plant. Low nutrient density
List the different types of complex carbohydrates and where they are found in food -
ANSWERS • Glycogen- No glycogen in food because lost during slaughter
• Starch- Vegetables (in roots and tubers); Grains (in seeds); Legumes ( beans)
• Dietary fiber- found in fruits/ vegetables. Can be added to foods
, How do different complex carbohydrates affect our glycemic response? What nutrition
information is used to compare different carbohydrates? - ANSWERS • Raise blood
sugar SLOWLY
• Glycemic index - ranking of how a food affects blood glucose compared to a reference
value of 100
• Glycemic load - index of glycemic response that occurs after eating specific food
How does fiber affect our cardiovascular health and gastrointestinal health? -
ANSWERS Fiber isn't digested by human enzymes. It can help by lowering a person's
blood cholesterol, and increase their transit time
What is the main function of glucose in the body? - ANSWERS To provide immediate
energy to the cell
When blood sugar drops, how do we increase it to maintain normal levels? -
ANSWERS Inject insulin, consume carbohydrates
Describe gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) - ANSWERS
•Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of new glucose by the liver from amino acids
• Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucagon and is released to the liver
to initiate glycogenesis
What is glycogen and where is it stored? - ANSWERS • Glycogen is a polysaccharide
made of many glucose linked in a highly branched structure
• Stored in muscles and liver in humans
• Storage form carbs in animals
Under what dietary conditions do we increase our glycogen stores? - ANSWERS We
increase glycogen stores when we do not need immediate energy
Under what dietary conditions are our glycogen stores depleted/used? - ANSWERS
Glycogen stores are used when we are depleted of our energy
Compare the roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose. - ANSWERS
•Insulin - lowers blood sugar
• Glucagon - raises blood sugar
Where is glucose and insulin made and where do they exert their metabolic actions? -
ANSWERS Insulin and glucagon both made in pancreas & preform their work in
bloodstream
Describe what happens during the process of glycolysis - ANSWERS Glucose breaks
down into 2 molecules of pyruvate.
What is diabetes and what are the long-term complications of this disease? -
ANSWERS Diabetes is a disease caused by either insufficient insulin production or
