HOSA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (LATEST 2025 UPDATE)

HOSA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (LATEST 2025 UPDATE) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Answer-act where mental illness and substance abuse fall under the 10 essential health benefits that most plans must cover Mental Health Parity and Addition Equality Act (MHPAEA) - Answer-act where deductibles, copays, out of pocket maximums, treatment limitations can be no more restrictive than requirements for other medical care 2 major roots of psychology - Answer-philosophy and natural sciences philosophy and natural sciences - Answer-the 2 major roots of psychology trepanation - Answer-ancient practice of drilling holes in the skull physical basis - Answer-Hermann von Helmholtz studies of nerve signaling provided evidence that the mind had a Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-the first psychologist who constructed the first experiment was Edward Kitchener - Answer-established the theory of structuralism functionalism - Answer-viewed behavior as purposeful because it led to survival medical models of psychological disorders - Answer-physical cause and medical treatment used _______.. psychological model - Answer-show abnormalities resulting from life experiences Sigmond Freud - Answer-psychodynamic theory; existence of unconscious mind, development of sexuality, dream analysis, psychoanalysis humanistic approach - Answer-saw people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve behavioralism - Answer-study and careful measurement of observable behaviors biological psych - Answer-focuses on relationship between the mind and behavior evolutionary psych - Answer-physical structure and behavior being shaped by contributions to survival and reproduction cognitive psych - Answer-information processing, thinking, reasoning, problem solving social psych - Answer-effects of social environment on behavior developmental psych - Answer-normal changes in behavior over the lifespan clinical psych - Answer-explain, define, treat abnormal behavior Phrenology - Answer-Popular theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities or character traits Biological psychology - Answer-Branch of psychology that links biology and behavior Neuron - Answer-Nerve cell Sensory neurons - Answer-Neurons that cary incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain or spinal cord Motor neurons - Answer-Neurons that Carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands Interneurons - Answer-Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate with each other and regulate sensory and motor inputs Dendrite - Answer-Branches that extend from the nerve cell body. Which receive messages and conduct impulses toward the body Axon - Answer-Extension of the neuron that has fibers on the end that passes information to other neurons or muscles Myelin sheath - Answer-The layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of neurons in segments and increases the transmission speed of impulses Action potential - Answer-Neural impulse, brief electrical charge that travels down an axon Threshold - Answer-The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. Comes from the level of excitatory signals minus inhibitory signals Synapse - Answer-The junction between the axon of the relaying neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. This is also known as the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter - Answer-Chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons, binding to receptor sites on the dendrites of the recording neuron Endorphins - Answer-"Morphine within" a natural opiate like neurotransmitter that is linked to pain control and pleasure Acetylcholine - Answer-A neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory Acetylcholine - Answer-Lack of this neurotransmitter causes Alzheimer's Dopamine - Answer-Neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Dopamine - Answer-An excess amount of this neurotransmitter schizophrenia Dopamine - Answer-A lack of this neurotransmitter causes tremors and Parkinson's disease Serotonin - Answer-Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal Serotonin - Answer-A lack of this neurotransmitter can lead to depression Norepinephrine - Answer-Helps control alertness and arousal Gamma-butyric acid - Answer-An inhibitory neurotransmitter, a lack is linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia Glutamate - Answer-Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory Glutamate - Answer-An excess of this neurotransmitter can cause migraines and seizures Reuptake - Answer-A neurotransmitter's reabsorption of the sending neuron Agonist molecules - Answer-A molecule from the outside of the body that is similar enough to a neurotransmitter to Mimic is affects, like in certain opiate drugs Antagonist molecules - Answer-A molecule from the outside of the body that blocks a neurotransmitter's function (I.e. Botulin which blocks ACh) ACh - Answer-Acetylcholine Nervous system - Answer-The body's electrochemical communication network that consists of all the nerve cells of the peripheral she central nervous systems Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer-The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body Nerves - Answer-Axons that have been bundled together into cables that connect the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs Somatic nervous system - Answer-The division of the PNS that controls the skeletal muscles Autonomic nervous system - Answer-The part of the PNS that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs Sympathetic nervous system - Answer-Part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body and mobilizing its energy in stressful situations Parasympathetic nervous system - Answer-Part of the autonomic system that calms the body, conserving its energy Reflex - Answer-Simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus