ANT 2410 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers

ANT 2410 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers Which of the following statements about Karl Marx is NOT true? He viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests. What is the name of the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time? Colonialism How does the modern world system affect ethnographers? They need to be aware of the fact that any culture they study is influenced by and has influence on other cultures. What best typifies the intervention philosophy of the French empire? Mission civilisatrice How did the Belgian colonizers of East Africa identify who was Tutsi and who was Hutu? the number of cattle owned Chapter 14 of the Kottak book's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States. What is one outcome of this process? fewer jobs in the United States, as they are replaced by machines and outsourced jobs What term refers to the ideological justification for outsiders to guide native groups in specific directions? intervention philosophy According to Marx, who are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat? distinct and opposed classes produced by the world capitalist economy Symbolic capital is ________ when you don't have cash, but you have credit cards What best characterizes the intervention philosophy of the British empire? white man's burden Which of the following is NOT true about the modern world system? The distinction between bourgeoisie and proletariat has disappeared All of the following are true about neoliberalism except that it is is characterized by the policy that environmental protection and job safety are too important to be left unregulated ________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder, warfare, and introduced diseases. Genocide What changes did workers instigate in response to industrialization in England? Workers developed organizations to protect their interests In anthropology, history, and literature, the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s. Postcolonial refers to the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized According to Gerhard Lenski, in advanced industrial societies what reduces the polarization between the owning and working classes? the growth of the middle class The film "Life and Debt" focuses on what country? Jamaica The present-day capitalist world economy is based on relationships established in the age of colonialism. Which of the following was NOT a result of colonial relationships? the French Revolution guaranteed the "Rights of Man" for all, including residents of French colonies, and given the political and diplomatic importance of France (French was the language of diplomacy, for example), other nations followed France's lead Periphery nations have economies that disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core Membership in groups and social networks forms part of ______ social capital Which of the following best describes globalization? all answers are correct (the integration of people, companies, and nations due to expanding trade and communication) Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776). To Smith, economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition, with the goal of generating profits. However, this meaning of "liberal" is different from the one typically used in current US politics, in which "liberal" is the opposite of "conservative" The growth of a market for sugar in Europe spurred the development of a transatlantic slave trade The labels First World, Second World, and Third World represent a common, if ethnocentric, way of categorizing nations. First World refers to the democratic West, which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by Group of answer choices Communism What does the term "Columbian exchange" refer to? the spread of people, resources, products, ideas, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after contact According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification? Wealth, power, and prestige According to Karl Marx, classes are powerful collective forces that could mobilize human energies to influence the course of history Which of the following statements about British colonialism is NOT true? It lacked an intervention philosophy In anthropology, history, and literature, the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s. Postcolonial refers to the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized As shown in the film "Life and Debt," what are some of the effects of foreign debt in the form of International Monetary Fund and World Bank loans? A. local industries tend to be destroyed, putting local people out of work B. simple debt servicing (paying it back) often leads to diminished ability to export goods C. debt servicing is such a burden that poor countries often can only pay the interest — if that D. all answers are correct "Communism" has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written. Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good. Large-C Communism was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991 What is NOT evidence of continued colonial relationships and neo-colonial relationships as demonstrated in the film "Life and Debt?" the ability of all governments to have equal representation with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank due to the founding policies of these institutions By promoting rural-to-urban migration, industrialization hastened the process of proletarianization, which is the separation of workers from the means of production In the film "Life and Debt," how is the price of labor kept down in world market factories that produce goods for US companies with local labor? these companies can move their factories to other countries when their tax holidays and other benefits expire Which of the following is NOT true about the phenomenon known as neoliberalism? it leads to the overall decrease in inequality as seen in the case of the United States where income and wealth have become more equal in the last 50 years and especially since 2016 In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism, all of the following declined EXCEPT the poverty rate According to the 2018 World Inequality Report, in which country or region was income inequality the worst? That is, where the share of the income of the top 10 percent of earners was the largest. Middle East As the "Appreciating Anthropology" segment in Chapter 14 in the Kottak book notes, around the world many contemporary nations are repeating—at an accelerated rate—the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution. Fortunately, however, today's world has some environmental watchdogs—many of them anthropologists—who did not exist during the first centuries of the Industrial Revolution What term refers to wealth or resources invested in business with the intent of producing a profit? Capital Which of the following statements about environmental hazards in American communities is NOT accurate? Economic resources and political clout have little to do with where polluting facilities are constructed Which of the following is NOT true of core nations? They export their raw materials to other countries Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true? Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies suggest an association between the economies of societies and their social features Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood. All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life EXCEPT the increased presence of anthropologists collaborating with local leaders to preserve their ancestral lands. According to the film "Faces of Culture: Food Foragers and Pastoralists," what of the following is NOT characteristic of pastoralists? pastoralism provides a not very dependable source of food because pastoralists never know what their livestock will do Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years? The wild vegetation needs time to reestablish itself before it is burned to clear the land and fertilize the soil Of what does a mode of production consist? A. all answers are correct B. human labor C. available tools and technology D. the way resources are extracted Chapter 7 in the Kottak book's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization. Which of the following is an outcome of our 21st-century global economy? Modern-day transnational finance has shifted economic control of local life to outsiders Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature: their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT States Generalized reciprocity is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation? nonindustrial societies With regard to sustainability, anthropologists argue ___ A. we must understand social conditions B. we must understand the relationships between economy and environment C. all answers are correct D. we must understand political conditions All of the following are examples of adaptive strategies based on food production except commodity fetishism What is a mode of production? the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire population moves with their animals throughout the year? pastoral nomadism Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-organized societies? permanent villages Which of the following is NOT an important factor in how cultures relate to the bio-physical world? A. all answers are correct B. cultural beliefs C. cultural values D. institutions and organizations such as political or religious E. institutions and organizations Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum? Societies become more egalitarian Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects According to the film "Faces of Culture: The Food Producers," markets develop and become important for the distribution of agricultural products How are nonindustrial economic systems embedded in society? The economic system cannot easily be separated from other systems, such as kinship The Kottak book's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana provides a telling example of how more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states and are now influenced by the forces of globalization What of the following is true about the concept of "sustainability?"