NR 507 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract
infection? - ANSWER Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? - ANSWER Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: - ANSWER urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having
a shorter urethra. - ANSWER true
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? - ANSWER Increase
water consumption
Uncomplicated UTI - ANSWER Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
Complicated UTI - ANSWER UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated
UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary
burning and frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills,
back pain. Her gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal
discharge. The only new information reported is that she recently had
sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains
leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on
symptom presentation and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with: -
ANSWER cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He
recently became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom
,three days ago. Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the
acute care facility for evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the
patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate
intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis.
He was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks
and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin
healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was
inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the patient spiked a fever
of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul
odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient
yelled out when touched. A urine c - ANSWER pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis:
- ANSWER indwelling foley catheter
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and
casts - ANSWER true
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the
causative bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of: -
ANSWER nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of
urinary urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of
vaginal discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform
a vaginal exam at this visit. - ANSWER true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because: - ANSWER The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic
therapy.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include: -
ANSWER Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
E coli
The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction
encountered during urination. - ANSWER true
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. - ANSWER true
,On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would
be concerned with which of the following findings? - ANSWER hard nodule
There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. - ANSWER false
The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: - ANSWER The
prostatic urethra becomes obstructed.
Irritative symptoms - ANSWER urinary frequency
nocturia
urgency that results from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
obstructive symptoms - ANSWER incomplete emptying
post-void dribbling
The action of a 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor causes: - ANSWER Shrinkage
of the prostate gland.
Men who have BPH are prone to developing a UTI because: - ANSWER
Stagnated urine in the bladder promotes bacterial growth.
The prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps to liquefy semen post-
ejaculation. - ANSWER true
The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to
increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and
multiply. - ANSWER true
The location of the characteristic hyperplastic nodules of BPH is: -
ANSWER In the periurethral zone.
The type of stone that forms due to a urinary tract infection is: - ANSWER
Struvite stone.
Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine. -
ANSWER true
Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder. - ANSWER false
, The most common type of stone is: - ANSWER calcium stone
The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis. - ANSWER
false (ct scan)
A 45-year-old male presents to the primary care office with right flank pain
that he describes as unremitting; he also reports nausea and vomiting. The
NP performs an exam and observes him writhing in pain on the exam table
with the inability to find a comfortable position. He is afebrile, BP 156/88
mmHg and HR 106/min. Right flank is mildly tender on palpation.
Abdominal exam is negative for any abnormality. A urinalysis was
performed and revealed 1+ blood. Urine microscopy also revealed 10-20
RBCs per high-power field (hpf). A kidney stone is suspected. The patient
reports no prior history of a kidney stone. After providing the patient an
analgesic, where the patient reported mild relief, the NP had the patient
transferred to the emergency room for intravenous fluids, pain
management and further work-up for the kidney stone. Upon follow-up in
the office a week later, the patient reported that he was diagnosed with -
ANSWER adequate hydration
balanced diet
Lithotripsy is an invasive procedure used to break up the stone - ANSWER
false
The most common stone found in the patient with gout is: - ANSWER uric
acid stone
Hematuria can be seen with kidney stones because: - ANSWER The stone
injures the urinary structures as it passes through them.
Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter. -
ANSWER true
At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a reoccurrence within
10 years of the prior stone. - ANSWER true
Which of the following actions will relax the detrusor muscle of the bladder?
- ANSWER Activation of Beta-2 receptors by the sympathetic nervous
system.
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract
infection? - ANSWER Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? - ANSWER Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: - ANSWER urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having
a shorter urethra. - ANSWER true
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? - ANSWER Increase
water consumption
Uncomplicated UTI - ANSWER Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
Complicated UTI - ANSWER UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated
UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary
burning and frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills,
back pain. Her gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal
discharge. The only new information reported is that she recently had
sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains
leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on
symptom presentation and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with: -
ANSWER cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He
recently became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom
,three days ago. Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the
acute care facility for evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the
patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate
intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis.
He was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks
and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin
healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an indwelling catheter was
inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the patient spiked a fever
of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul
odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient
yelled out when touched. A urine c - ANSWER pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis:
- ANSWER indwelling foley catheter
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and
casts - ANSWER true
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the
causative bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of: -
ANSWER nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of
urinary urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of
vaginal discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform
a vaginal exam at this visit. - ANSWER true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because: - ANSWER The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic
therapy.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include: -
ANSWER Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
E coli
The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction
encountered during urination. - ANSWER true
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. - ANSWER true
,On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would
be concerned with which of the following findings? - ANSWER hard nodule
There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. - ANSWER false
The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: - ANSWER The
prostatic urethra becomes obstructed.
Irritative symptoms - ANSWER urinary frequency
nocturia
urgency that results from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
obstructive symptoms - ANSWER incomplete emptying
post-void dribbling
The action of a 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor causes: - ANSWER Shrinkage
of the prostate gland.
Men who have BPH are prone to developing a UTI because: - ANSWER
Stagnated urine in the bladder promotes bacterial growth.
The prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps to liquefy semen post-
ejaculation. - ANSWER true
The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to
increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and
multiply. - ANSWER true
The location of the characteristic hyperplastic nodules of BPH is: -
ANSWER In the periurethral zone.
The type of stone that forms due to a urinary tract infection is: - ANSWER
Struvite stone.
Renal stones are formed when calcium and oxalate in the urine combine. -
ANSWER true
Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder. - ANSWER false
, The most common type of stone is: - ANSWER calcium stone
The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis. - ANSWER
false (ct scan)
A 45-year-old male presents to the primary care office with right flank pain
that he describes as unremitting; he also reports nausea and vomiting. The
NP performs an exam and observes him writhing in pain on the exam table
with the inability to find a comfortable position. He is afebrile, BP 156/88
mmHg and HR 106/min. Right flank is mildly tender on palpation.
Abdominal exam is negative for any abnormality. A urinalysis was
performed and revealed 1+ blood. Urine microscopy also revealed 10-20
RBCs per high-power field (hpf). A kidney stone is suspected. The patient
reports no prior history of a kidney stone. After providing the patient an
analgesic, where the patient reported mild relief, the NP had the patient
transferred to the emergency room for intravenous fluids, pain
management and further work-up for the kidney stone. Upon follow-up in
the office a week later, the patient reported that he was diagnosed with -
ANSWER adequate hydration
balanced diet
Lithotripsy is an invasive procedure used to break up the stone - ANSWER
false
The most common stone found in the patient with gout is: - ANSWER uric
acid stone
Hematuria can be seen with kidney stones because: - ANSWER The stone
injures the urinary structures as it passes through them.
Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter. -
ANSWER true
At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a reoccurrence within
10 years of the prior stone. - ANSWER true
Which of the following actions will relax the detrusor muscle of the bladder?
- ANSWER Activation of Beta-2 receptors by the sympathetic nervous
system.
