AEROMEDICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Stress can be defined as a nonspecific response of the body to any demand. Ref: TC
3the body to any demand. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 304.93, pp. 3—11 - Answers - For the
purpose of this class, how is stress defined?
Stress as a response, a stimulus, and as a transaction - Answers - How an individual
conceptualizes stress determines their response, adaptation, or coping strategies. What
are the three models of stress we discussed?
The nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed upon it - Answers - What is
Hans Selye's definition of stress?
The role of cognitive appraisal in the human stress response. - Answers - What does
the transactional model of stress emphasize?
Emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioral. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3-1 and 3-2. -
Answers - Stress affects individuals in a variety of ways. What are some of the
symptoms of stress?
A stressor is any stimulus or event that requires an individual to adjust or adapt in some
way --emotionally, physiologically, or behaviorally. Ref: TC 3behaviorally. Ref: TC 3--
04.93, Para 304.93, Para 3--10.10. - Answers - What is a stressor?
Psychosocial, environmental, physiological, and cognitive.. - Answers - What are some
of the stressors that aviation crewmembers typically encounter? Give an example of
each
Drugs, exhaustion, alcohol, tobacco, and hypoglycemia. These are physiological are
physiological or self-imposed stressors and can be potentially debilitating and threaten
aviation safety. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3--3 to 3--8. - Answers - What does the acronym
DEATH mean?
Tunneling, and task shedding as it relates to attention. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3—8 -
Answers - How does stress impact attention?
Over—simplification, speed/accuracy tradeoff, and stress-related regression related to
memory. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3-9 - Answers - In what ways does stress effect
memory?
Change in speech productions, decrease in comprehension Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3-9 -
Answers - What influence does stress have on communication?
Mitigating/avoiding stress, changing thinking, learning to relax, and ventilating stress.
Ref: TC 3-04.93, pp. 3-9 and 3-10 - Answers - What are some adaptive ways to manage
or mitigate stress?
, Psychosocial, environmental, physiological, and cognitive. Ref: TC 3-04.93, pp. 3-2 to
3-8 - Answers - What are some stressors that aviation crewmembers typically encounter
and how can you mitigate the stressors?
A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting
from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental and/or
physical activity) that can impair a crew member's alertness and ability to safely operate
an aircraft or perform safety related duties. Ref: International Civil Aviation Organization
- Answers - What is the International Civil Aviation Organization of Fatigue?
State of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from periods of anxiety, exposure to
harsh environment, or loss of sleep. - Answers - Definition of Fatigue?
Acute - Attention/distractibility, errors in timing, neglect of secondary tasks, loss of
accuracy and control, lack of awareness of error communication, irritability.
Chronic - Insomnia, depressed mood, irritability, weight loss, poor judgement, loss of
appetite, slowed reaction time, poor motivation, poor performance.
Motivational - Burnout - Answers - What are the three types of Fatigue? Define Each.
Reaction-time changes, reduced attention , diminished memory, changes in mood/social
interactions, impaired commo - Answers - Name some of the dangers of fatigue in
various settings:
Stage 1: Transition from wakeup to sleep.
Stage 2: "Light Sleep" eye movement stops, heart rate slows and your body
temperature decreases.
Stage 3 and 4: Most important for recovering from fatigue. It may be very difficult to
rouse a person, and once awake the person may feel sluggish for several minutes.
Stage 5: When dreaming occurs and is characterized by rapid eye movement, little to
no muscle tone and very active brain patterns. The first REM period of the night is
relatively short, lasting 5-10 minutes. - Answers - What are the stages of sleep? What is
the function of each stage?
Humans have an intrinsic biological clock with a cycle of roughly 24 to 25 hours. -
Answers - What is the relationship between circadian rhythm and fatigue?
Ensure sufficient daily sleep, use good sleep habits, be careful with shift work
scheduling, control the length of the duty period, consider using light to enhance
alertness, consider melatonin to adjust to new schedules, implement strategic naps,
consider stimulants, employ rest breaks, take advantage of posture effects, eliminate
unproven strategies. Ref: Caldwell, J.S., Caldwell, J.L. (2013) - Answers - What are
ways to mitigate fatigue in an operational environment?
The USACRC. Ref. AR 403, pg. 3 - Answers - What organization investigates human
factors in aviation safety, aircraft design, and aviation mishaps?
Stress can be defined as a nonspecific response of the body to any demand. Ref: TC
3the body to any demand. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 304.93, pp. 3—11 - Answers - For the
purpose of this class, how is stress defined?
Stress as a response, a stimulus, and as a transaction - Answers - How an individual
conceptualizes stress determines their response, adaptation, or coping strategies. What
are the three models of stress we discussed?
The nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed upon it - Answers - What is
Hans Selye's definition of stress?
The role of cognitive appraisal in the human stress response. - Answers - What does
the transactional model of stress emphasize?
Emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioral. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3-1 and 3-2. -
Answers - Stress affects individuals in a variety of ways. What are some of the
symptoms of stress?
A stressor is any stimulus or event that requires an individual to adjust or adapt in some
way --emotionally, physiologically, or behaviorally. Ref: TC 3behaviorally. Ref: TC 3--
04.93, Para 304.93, Para 3--10.10. - Answers - What is a stressor?
Psychosocial, environmental, physiological, and cognitive.. - Answers - What are some
of the stressors that aviation crewmembers typically encounter? Give an example of
each
Drugs, exhaustion, alcohol, tobacco, and hypoglycemia. These are physiological are
physiological or self-imposed stressors and can be potentially debilitating and threaten
aviation safety. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3--3 to 3--8. - Answers - What does the acronym
DEATH mean?
Tunneling, and task shedding as it relates to attention. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3—8 -
Answers - How does stress impact attention?
Over—simplification, speed/accuracy tradeoff, and stress-related regression related to
memory. Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3-9 - Answers - In what ways does stress effect
memory?
Change in speech productions, decrease in comprehension Ref: TC 3--04.93, pp. 3-9 -
Answers - What influence does stress have on communication?
Mitigating/avoiding stress, changing thinking, learning to relax, and ventilating stress.
Ref: TC 3-04.93, pp. 3-9 and 3-10 - Answers - What are some adaptive ways to manage
or mitigate stress?
, Psychosocial, environmental, physiological, and cognitive. Ref: TC 3-04.93, pp. 3-2 to
3-8 - Answers - What are some stressors that aviation crewmembers typically encounter
and how can you mitigate the stressors?
A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting
from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental and/or
physical activity) that can impair a crew member's alertness and ability to safely operate
an aircraft or perform safety related duties. Ref: International Civil Aviation Organization
- Answers - What is the International Civil Aviation Organization of Fatigue?
State of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from periods of anxiety, exposure to
harsh environment, or loss of sleep. - Answers - Definition of Fatigue?
Acute - Attention/distractibility, errors in timing, neglect of secondary tasks, loss of
accuracy and control, lack of awareness of error communication, irritability.
Chronic - Insomnia, depressed mood, irritability, weight loss, poor judgement, loss of
appetite, slowed reaction time, poor motivation, poor performance.
Motivational - Burnout - Answers - What are the three types of Fatigue? Define Each.
Reaction-time changes, reduced attention , diminished memory, changes in mood/social
interactions, impaired commo - Answers - Name some of the dangers of fatigue in
various settings:
Stage 1: Transition from wakeup to sleep.
Stage 2: "Light Sleep" eye movement stops, heart rate slows and your body
temperature decreases.
Stage 3 and 4: Most important for recovering from fatigue. It may be very difficult to
rouse a person, and once awake the person may feel sluggish for several minutes.
Stage 5: When dreaming occurs and is characterized by rapid eye movement, little to
no muscle tone and very active brain patterns. The first REM period of the night is
relatively short, lasting 5-10 minutes. - Answers - What are the stages of sleep? What is
the function of each stage?
Humans have an intrinsic biological clock with a cycle of roughly 24 to 25 hours. -
Answers - What is the relationship between circadian rhythm and fatigue?
Ensure sufficient daily sleep, use good sleep habits, be careful with shift work
scheduling, control the length of the duty period, consider using light to enhance
alertness, consider melatonin to adjust to new schedules, implement strategic naps,
consider stimulants, employ rest breaks, take advantage of posture effects, eliminate
unproven strategies. Ref: Caldwell, J.S., Caldwell, J.L. (2013) - Answers - What are
ways to mitigate fatigue in an operational environment?
The USACRC. Ref. AR 403, pg. 3 - Answers - What organization investigates human
factors in aviation safety, aircraft design, and aviation mishaps?
