APSC 4464 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Animals as sentinels - An animal susceptible or sensitive to a particular environmental
factor whose illness or death serves to warn humans of an impending danger
Sentinel-animal surveillance - Data of disease occurrence, disease outbreaks, preventive
medicine, risk factors
Requirements of a sentinel - Animal must be susceptible to the disease, the animal must
generate a measurable clinical disease response, should pose little risk of zoonotic transmission
Incidental animal sentinels - not purposely placed in a situation where disease may occur
specifically for the purpose of detection
reasons for incidental sentinels - water-borne illness and household environmental
contaminants
intentional animal sentinels - purposefully placed in areas of potential risk to determine
presence of disease
why are intentional sentinels selected?. - immunologic "naivete" to the disease of
concern or immunocompetent animals
PRRSV - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Example of intentional animal sentinel - Unvaccinated pigs
Monitoring wildlife in situ - data on the type and amount of contaminants, clinical effects
of exposure
disease monitoring in wildlife - exploration of increases in the incidence of disease
syndromes
effective sentinels - they share a common environment with their owners
Examples of infectious diseases - Cat scratch disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Bartonella infection in people - Endocarditis
Leishmaniasis or Leishmaniosis - transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine
sandflies
ANSWERS
Animals as sentinels - An animal susceptible or sensitive to a particular environmental
factor whose illness or death serves to warn humans of an impending danger
Sentinel-animal surveillance - Data of disease occurrence, disease outbreaks, preventive
medicine, risk factors
Requirements of a sentinel - Animal must be susceptible to the disease, the animal must
generate a measurable clinical disease response, should pose little risk of zoonotic transmission
Incidental animal sentinels - not purposely placed in a situation where disease may occur
specifically for the purpose of detection
reasons for incidental sentinels - water-borne illness and household environmental
contaminants
intentional animal sentinels - purposefully placed in areas of potential risk to determine
presence of disease
why are intentional sentinels selected?. - immunologic "naivete" to the disease of
concern or immunocompetent animals
PRRSV - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Example of intentional animal sentinel - Unvaccinated pigs
Monitoring wildlife in situ - data on the type and amount of contaminants, clinical effects
of exposure
disease monitoring in wildlife - exploration of increases in the incidence of disease
syndromes
effective sentinels - they share a common environment with their owners
Examples of infectious diseases - Cat scratch disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Bartonella infection in people - Endocarditis
Leishmaniasis or Leishmaniosis - transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine
sandflies
