Week 5 Renal Pathology Questions and answers 2025.

Week .5: .Renal .Pathology

1. How .do .you .clas- Morphological: . Vascular, .glomeruli, .tubules .+ .interstitium.
.sify .a .kidney .dis-

.ease?
Clinical: .acute .renal .failure, .chronic .renal .failure, .nephrotic .+ .nephritic .syndrome.

2. How .do .morpho- .Attecting .1 .will .lead .to .damage .in .another.
.logical .contents

.affect .each .oth-

.er?



3. What .is .impor- Renal .core .biopsy.
.tant .to .diagnose

.underlying .dis-

.ease .cause?



4. Give .features .of 1. Reversible .- .if .you .remove .stimulus, .can .restore .total .kidney .function.
.acute .renal .fail- 2. Majority .nephrons .stop .working .suddenly .- .less .urine .production .(oliguria)
.ure. .(3) .or .total .(anuria).

3. Leads .to .uraemia, .nitrogen .retention, .‘serum .K, .metabolic .acidosis .(too .much .H+,
.RTA).




5. How .is .acute .re- Measured .by .re-establishing .urinary .flow .which .can .be .excessive .to .begin .with.
.nal .failure .recov- .Not .always .recoverable .i.e. .severe .infection .> .chronic .renal .failure.

.ered?



6. What .are .the .3 1. Prerenal .- .bilateral .renal .aa .stenosis
.origins .of .acute 2. Intrarenal
.renal .failure? 3. Post-renal

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, Week .5: .Renal .Pathology

7. What .are .the 1. Less .blood .flow.
.causes .of .pre-re- 2. Less . perfusion . - . hypovolaemic . shock

.nal .failure? .(3) 3. Sudden .hypotension .eg. .haemorrhage/MI.

8. What .are .the 1. Poorly .perfused .glomeruli .due .to .pre-renal
.causes .of .in- 2. Glomerular .disease .> .severely .occluded .capillaries; .no .blood .to .PCT .+
.trarenal .DCT .epithelium.

.failure? .(3) 3. Pyelonephritis .- .infection .of .tubules/interstitium.

9. What .are .the 1 .- .Obstruction .(stones .in .ureter)
causes .of .post-re- . 2 .- .Tumour/neurogenic .in .bladder
nal .failure? .(3) 3 .- .Benign .prostatic .hyperplasia .in .urethra.

10. How .does .renal 1. .Occurs .due .to .stones .in .ureter, .tumour/neurogenic .in .bladder, .or .in .urethra.
obstruction .occur . 2. .Can .cause .urinary .stasis .(infection .risk, .duct .dilation) .and .pelvis .+ .calyx .dilatation
and .what .does .it due .to .urine .retention .(hydronephrosis).
.cause? .(2)




11. What .is .acute Most .common .cause .of .acute .renal .failure.
.tubular .necrosis

.(ATN)? .How .does
1. Due .to .ischaemic .(vasoconstriction) .or .toxic .damage .of .tubular .epithelium.
.it .occur? .(3)
2. Poorly .perfused .glomerulus .> .death .of .epithelium .of .DCT .+ .PCT .(cells .have
.a .high .metabolic .demand).

3. Dead .cells .are .shed .and .block .tubules, .oliguria, .uraemia .+ .fluid .overload
.and .oedema .in .interstitium.




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