BIO484 EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE 100% PASS
Genetic analysis starts with.... - ANSWER isolation of mutants
How to geneticists analyze biological traits? (3) - ANSWER - detection of single-gene
inheritance pattern
- observing wild/mutant type phenotype in crosses
- genetic dissection
-Random mutagenesis
-irradiation & chemical mutagenesis
-spontaneous mutation
-identify phenotype
-identify gene
*** phenotype-driven approach!! - ANSWER forward genetics
-identify gene
-gene targeting
-transgenics, knock-outs/ins, gene trap
-identify phenotype
*** genotype-driven approach!! - ANSWER reverse genetics
first to elucidate the rules for single-gene inheritance pattern - ANSWER gregor mendel
Explain the process of genetic dissection. (3 steps) - ANSWER 1) cross a wild & mutant
2) cross their progeny
3) analyze ratio of mutant to wild types
Mendel used what to demonstrate his experiment? - ANSWER garden pea (pisum
sativum)
self-pollination produces... - ANSWER pure lines or true breeding
Mendel crossed "true breeding" plants by doing what? - ANSWER cross-pollination of
pea plants
Results of Mendel's experiment - ANSWER 3:1 ratio in F2 generation
, The 3:1 and 1:1 ratios also found for comparable crosses for .... - ANSWER all traits
Mendel studied
What is necessary for a character? - ANSWER hereditary factor
2 versions of traits - ANSWER dominant & recessive
genes come in 2 forms... - ANSWER dominant & recessive alleles
Each character is controlled by 2 alleles
• When both present, the.... - ANSWER dominant allele masks the expression of the
Recessive allele
fertilized egg with a pair of identical alleles - ANSWER homozygote
pair of different alleles - ANSWER heterozygote
Genetic makeup of an organism
• Allelic combinations: YY, Yy or yy - ANSWER genotype
• Physical expression of the genotype
• e.g., yellow or green peas - ANSWER phenotype
The alleles separate equally into eggs and sperm during... - ANSWER meiosis
Mendel's first law / law of equal separation - ANSWER
what is Mendel's first law of separation? - ANSWER At meiosis, alleles separate from
each other such that each gamete (egg or sperm) receives one copy from each allele
pair.
results of meiosis 2? - ANSWER 1/2 gametes with dominant allele (Y)
1/2 gametes with recessive allele (y)
distinguishing between homozygote dominant & heterozygote - ANSWER testcross
If YY (homozygous dominant), then.... - ANSWER 100% yellow
If Yy (heterozygous).... - ANSWER 50% yellow
50% green
Genetic analysis starts with.... - ANSWER isolation of mutants
How to geneticists analyze biological traits? (3) - ANSWER - detection of single-gene
inheritance pattern
- observing wild/mutant type phenotype in crosses
- genetic dissection
-Random mutagenesis
-irradiation & chemical mutagenesis
-spontaneous mutation
-identify phenotype
-identify gene
*** phenotype-driven approach!! - ANSWER forward genetics
-identify gene
-gene targeting
-transgenics, knock-outs/ins, gene trap
-identify phenotype
*** genotype-driven approach!! - ANSWER reverse genetics
first to elucidate the rules for single-gene inheritance pattern - ANSWER gregor mendel
Explain the process of genetic dissection. (3 steps) - ANSWER 1) cross a wild & mutant
2) cross their progeny
3) analyze ratio of mutant to wild types
Mendel used what to demonstrate his experiment? - ANSWER garden pea (pisum
sativum)
self-pollination produces... - ANSWER pure lines or true breeding
Mendel crossed "true breeding" plants by doing what? - ANSWER cross-pollination of
pea plants
Results of Mendel's experiment - ANSWER 3:1 ratio in F2 generation
, The 3:1 and 1:1 ratios also found for comparable crosses for .... - ANSWER all traits
Mendel studied
What is necessary for a character? - ANSWER hereditary factor
2 versions of traits - ANSWER dominant & recessive
genes come in 2 forms... - ANSWER dominant & recessive alleles
Each character is controlled by 2 alleles
• When both present, the.... - ANSWER dominant allele masks the expression of the
Recessive allele
fertilized egg with a pair of identical alleles - ANSWER homozygote
pair of different alleles - ANSWER heterozygote
Genetic makeup of an organism
• Allelic combinations: YY, Yy or yy - ANSWER genotype
• Physical expression of the genotype
• e.g., yellow or green peas - ANSWER phenotype
The alleles separate equally into eggs and sperm during... - ANSWER meiosis
Mendel's first law / law of equal separation - ANSWER
what is Mendel's first law of separation? - ANSWER At meiosis, alleles separate from
each other such that each gamete (egg or sperm) receives one copy from each allele
pair.
results of meiosis 2? - ANSWER 1/2 gametes with dominant allele (Y)
1/2 gametes with recessive allele (y)
distinguishing between homozygote dominant & heterozygote - ANSWER testcross
If YY (homozygous dominant), then.... - ANSWER 100% yellow
If Yy (heterozygous).... - ANSWER 50% yellow
50% green
