APSC 4464 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
What was first recognized in cats in the 1990s? - Vaccine-associated sarcoma
What is the risk of vaccine-associated sarcomas - 1/10,000
What were the initial reports of Vaccine-associated sarcomas? - inactivated rabies, FeLV
vaccines, and aluminum based adjuvants
What was the treatment and prevention for FISS (Seline INjection Site Sarcoma)? - Early
identification and surgical removal
When is it recommended to obtain an incisional biopsy of suspected injection-site sarcomas? -
If it meets 1 or more criteria:
3 ... if the mass is known to persist for 3 months or longer
2... is or becomes larger than 2 cm in diameter
1... continues to increase in size 1 month following injection
What was the change the US and Canada did to combat FISS? - make all recombinant and
MLV feline vaccines sold adjuvant-free
How has injecting vaccines changed due to FISS? - You inject in the extremities due to
amputation being easier have a better quality of life post removal.
What diseases are covered in FVRCP vaccination? - Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (that's the
FVR part of the vaccine name), Feline Calicivirus (represented by the C), and Feline
Panleukopenia (the P at the end of the vaccine name)
What are the feline core vaccines? - Feline Rabies Virus
Feline Herpesvirus1
Feline Calicivirus
Feline Leukemia in cats younger than 1
,Feline infectious peritonitis
Feline panleukopenia virus
What is Feline Herpesvirus 1 (FHV1)? - An upper respiratory complex also called feline
viral rhinotracheitis and is highly contagious.
What is rhinotracheitis? - inflammation of the conjunctiva; discharge from the eyes and
nose
What is feline Calicivirus? - Ulcerations and blisters in mouth and on tongue.
What diseases are mentioned for feline respiratory disease complex? - Chalmydia felis,
Mycoplasma felis, Feline viral rhinotracheitis and feline calicivirus
How are Feline Respiratory Disease Complex diseases spread? - via aerosol
droplets/fomites
How is feline calicivirus shed? - Continually through aerosol droplets/fomites
How is Feline viral rhinotracheitis shed? - intermittently via aerosol droplets/fomites
What may precipitate a secondary course of illness in feline respiratory disease complex? -
Stress
What is the incubation period for FVR? - 2-6 days?
What is the incubation period for FCV? - 5-10 days
What are the two types of modified-live virus FVR-FCV vaccines? - parenteral
administration and oronasally
What are the pros and cons of oronasal injection of modified-live virus FVR-FCV vaccines? -
Pros: Faster protection for high risk situations
Cons: Annual revaccination and kitty may sneeze frequently for 4-7days post inoculation
What is another name for Feline Panleukopenia Virus? - Feline Distemper
What is Feline Panleukopenia virus? - A highly contagious and often fatal disease that
infects cats oronasally from infected animals and their secretions. It destroys bone marrow,
lymphoid tissues and intensitnal epithelium.
How long can the causative parvovirus last? - 1 year at room temperature in the
environment. It is also very resistant.
,When do excretions and excretions of the virus in Feline Panleukopenia Virus happen? -
During the acute phase of the illness, although virus particles shed in the feces can last as
long as 6 weeks after recovery
How does Feline Panleukopenia Virus affect the host? - It infects and destroys actively
dividing cells in bone marrow, lymphoid tissues and intestinal epithelium.
What does Feline panleukopenia virus affect in young animals? - The cerebellum and
retina
What happens when pregnant queens are infects by FPV mid pregnancy? - In early
pregnancy stillbirth is the result, in late pregnancy cerebellar hypoplasia in the kitten occurs
What is should be avoided with attenuated vaccines? - Vaccination of pregnant queens
and kittens under the age of 4 weeks.
What can happen when you vaccinate a pregnant queen and kittens under 4 weeks with an
attenuated vaccine? - Theoretical concern with cerebellar hypoplasia and clinical signs in
immunocompromised animals.
What type of vaccine is likely safer in pregnant cats and retrovirus infections? -
Inactivated vaccines
What are retroviruses in cats? - Feline Leukemia (and HIV)
What is reverse transcriptase? - When a virus inserts copies of their own genetic material
into that of the cells they have infected
Who commonly spreads FeLV ? - From the mother to their kittens
How is FeLV mainly spread? - Mainly spread in saliva in food bowls, water bowls and
grooming
What percent of tested cats in North America have Feline Leukemia? - 4% of tested cats
How long does Feline Leukemia (FeLV) last outside the cats body? - less than a few hours
under normal household conditions
What is a characteristic of cats with feline leukemia? - High quantities of saliva, nasal
secretions and also even milk
How can cat-to-cat transfer happen in Feline leukemia? - bite wounds, during mutual
grooming, shared use of litter boxes and or feeding dishes
, What are four varieties of FeLV (Feline Leukemia) - FeLV-A, FeLV-B, FeLV-C and FeLV-T
Where does Feline Leukemia go after oronasal inoculation? - spleen, lymph nodes and
bone marrow
What is oncogenesis? - formation of tumours
When does Oncogenesis happen in Feline Leukemia patients? - When FeLV virus inserts
into the host cellular genome
What is the most common cause of cancer in cats? - Feline Leukemia
What treatments are there for FeLV? - none, Feline Leukemia does not have treatment
Consider FeLV vaccination for ________________ - uninfected cats; infected cats have
not shown any proven benefit to vaccination
What types of cats is FeLV vaccine recommended to? - For all kittens and cats that have
access to the outdoors
What preventative vet care can be used for cats and feline leukemia - Frequent physical
exams, laboratory monitoring, core vaccination, spay/neuter surgery, dental prophylaxis,
parasite control, etcetera.
What should owners with FeLV cats make sure to do with their cats? - Avoid transmission
to other cats by not allowing outdoor activity and other uninfected cats in the household.
What are Feline non-core vaccines? - Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Infectious peritonitis,
Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella
What is Bordetela bronchiseptica? - A highly contagious respiratory bacterial disease that
causes inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.
Can transmission of Bordetella happen between cats and dogs? - Yes, tranmission can
occur between dogs and cats
When is bordetella most severe? - in kittens
What is the seroprevalence rates in bordetella bronchiseptica? - 24 to 79%
What is CHalmydophila felis? - A Becterial "feline pneumonitis) that causes conjunctivitis
or inflammation of nose/throat.
ANSWERS
What was first recognized in cats in the 1990s? - Vaccine-associated sarcoma
What is the risk of vaccine-associated sarcomas - 1/10,000
What were the initial reports of Vaccine-associated sarcomas? - inactivated rabies, FeLV
vaccines, and aluminum based adjuvants
What was the treatment and prevention for FISS (Seline INjection Site Sarcoma)? - Early
identification and surgical removal
When is it recommended to obtain an incisional biopsy of suspected injection-site sarcomas? -
If it meets 1 or more criteria:
3 ... if the mass is known to persist for 3 months or longer
2... is or becomes larger than 2 cm in diameter
1... continues to increase in size 1 month following injection
What was the change the US and Canada did to combat FISS? - make all recombinant and
MLV feline vaccines sold adjuvant-free
How has injecting vaccines changed due to FISS? - You inject in the extremities due to
amputation being easier have a better quality of life post removal.
What diseases are covered in FVRCP vaccination? - Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (that's the
FVR part of the vaccine name), Feline Calicivirus (represented by the C), and Feline
Panleukopenia (the P at the end of the vaccine name)
What are the feline core vaccines? - Feline Rabies Virus
Feline Herpesvirus1
Feline Calicivirus
Feline Leukemia in cats younger than 1
,Feline infectious peritonitis
Feline panleukopenia virus
What is Feline Herpesvirus 1 (FHV1)? - An upper respiratory complex also called feline
viral rhinotracheitis and is highly contagious.
What is rhinotracheitis? - inflammation of the conjunctiva; discharge from the eyes and
nose
What is feline Calicivirus? - Ulcerations and blisters in mouth and on tongue.
What diseases are mentioned for feline respiratory disease complex? - Chalmydia felis,
Mycoplasma felis, Feline viral rhinotracheitis and feline calicivirus
How are Feline Respiratory Disease Complex diseases spread? - via aerosol
droplets/fomites
How is feline calicivirus shed? - Continually through aerosol droplets/fomites
How is Feline viral rhinotracheitis shed? - intermittently via aerosol droplets/fomites
What may precipitate a secondary course of illness in feline respiratory disease complex? -
Stress
What is the incubation period for FVR? - 2-6 days?
What is the incubation period for FCV? - 5-10 days
What are the two types of modified-live virus FVR-FCV vaccines? - parenteral
administration and oronasally
What are the pros and cons of oronasal injection of modified-live virus FVR-FCV vaccines? -
Pros: Faster protection for high risk situations
Cons: Annual revaccination and kitty may sneeze frequently for 4-7days post inoculation
What is another name for Feline Panleukopenia Virus? - Feline Distemper
What is Feline Panleukopenia virus? - A highly contagious and often fatal disease that
infects cats oronasally from infected animals and their secretions. It destroys bone marrow,
lymphoid tissues and intensitnal epithelium.
How long can the causative parvovirus last? - 1 year at room temperature in the
environment. It is also very resistant.
,When do excretions and excretions of the virus in Feline Panleukopenia Virus happen? -
During the acute phase of the illness, although virus particles shed in the feces can last as
long as 6 weeks after recovery
How does Feline Panleukopenia Virus affect the host? - It infects and destroys actively
dividing cells in bone marrow, lymphoid tissues and intestinal epithelium.
What does Feline panleukopenia virus affect in young animals? - The cerebellum and
retina
What happens when pregnant queens are infects by FPV mid pregnancy? - In early
pregnancy stillbirth is the result, in late pregnancy cerebellar hypoplasia in the kitten occurs
What is should be avoided with attenuated vaccines? - Vaccination of pregnant queens
and kittens under the age of 4 weeks.
What can happen when you vaccinate a pregnant queen and kittens under 4 weeks with an
attenuated vaccine? - Theoretical concern with cerebellar hypoplasia and clinical signs in
immunocompromised animals.
What type of vaccine is likely safer in pregnant cats and retrovirus infections? -
Inactivated vaccines
What are retroviruses in cats? - Feline Leukemia (and HIV)
What is reverse transcriptase? - When a virus inserts copies of their own genetic material
into that of the cells they have infected
Who commonly spreads FeLV ? - From the mother to their kittens
How is FeLV mainly spread? - Mainly spread in saliva in food bowls, water bowls and
grooming
What percent of tested cats in North America have Feline Leukemia? - 4% of tested cats
How long does Feline Leukemia (FeLV) last outside the cats body? - less than a few hours
under normal household conditions
What is a characteristic of cats with feline leukemia? - High quantities of saliva, nasal
secretions and also even milk
How can cat-to-cat transfer happen in Feline leukemia? - bite wounds, during mutual
grooming, shared use of litter boxes and or feeding dishes
, What are four varieties of FeLV (Feline Leukemia) - FeLV-A, FeLV-B, FeLV-C and FeLV-T
Where does Feline Leukemia go after oronasal inoculation? - spleen, lymph nodes and
bone marrow
What is oncogenesis? - formation of tumours
When does Oncogenesis happen in Feline Leukemia patients? - When FeLV virus inserts
into the host cellular genome
What is the most common cause of cancer in cats? - Feline Leukemia
What treatments are there for FeLV? - none, Feline Leukemia does not have treatment
Consider FeLV vaccination for ________________ - uninfected cats; infected cats have
not shown any proven benefit to vaccination
What types of cats is FeLV vaccine recommended to? - For all kittens and cats that have
access to the outdoors
What preventative vet care can be used for cats and feline leukemia - Frequent physical
exams, laboratory monitoring, core vaccination, spay/neuter surgery, dental prophylaxis,
parasite control, etcetera.
What should owners with FeLV cats make sure to do with their cats? - Avoid transmission
to other cats by not allowing outdoor activity and other uninfected cats in the household.
What are Feline non-core vaccines? - Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Infectious peritonitis,
Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella
What is Bordetela bronchiseptica? - A highly contagious respiratory bacterial disease that
causes inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.
Can transmission of Bordetella happen between cats and dogs? - Yes, tranmission can
occur between dogs and cats
When is bordetella most severe? - in kittens
What is the seroprevalence rates in bordetella bronchiseptica? - 24 to 79%
What is CHalmydophila felis? - A Becterial "feline pneumonitis) that causes conjunctivitis
or inflammation of nose/throat.
