BMD Review Exam Questions &
Answers 2025/2026
According to the WHO criteria, for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, based on the measurement of
bone density is _____ - ANSWERS2.5 SDs or more below the young adult peak bone density
Name the current gold standard technique for measuring bone density? - ANSWERSDXA
Cancellous bone is also known as what? - ANSWERSTrabecular bone
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that indicates the best visual indication
of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur? - ANSWERSLesser Trochanter
Which lumbar vertebrae is described as having a characteristic shape of an X or H on a DXA PA
Spine scan? - ANSWERSL4 (L1-3 U shape)
TRUE OR FALSE: Alendronate, Etidronate, Forteo and Zolendronic acid are all bisphosphonates?
- ANSWERSFALSE- Forteo is a parathyroid hormone medication
All of the following are true about QCT EXCEPT:
a) Measurements are volumetric rather than areal
b) Results are usually reported in g/cm squared
c) Trabecular bine can be isolated from cortical bone
d) Accuracy may be affected by marrow fat - ANSWERSb) Results are usually reported in g/cm
squared
,Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated for - ANSWERSScreening
What is the most important clinical consequence of osteoporosis? - ANSWERS-Fracture
What is the name of the tool that integrates clinical information in a quantitative manner to
predict 1- year probability of major osteoporotic fracture for both men and women? -
ANSWERSFRAX (score)
What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice? - ANSWERSTechnologist
What percentage of trabecular bone (also known as compact bone) makes up the skeleton? -
ANSWERS20%
The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of therapy for osteoporosis because_____ -
ANSWERSRate of change in BMD in too slow
Which of the following does not help in achieving peak bone mass?
a) Adequate calcium and vitamin D
b) Exercise
c) Normal Puberty
d) Corticosteroids - ANSWERSd) Corticosteroids
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? - ANSWERSProximal Forearm- 99%
Which of the following statements is false concerning QUS advantages over xray methodologies
for BMD measurement?
a) Ultrasound is comparatively inexpensive
b) The patient's heel must be immersed in liquid during the procedure
, c) Patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
d) Ultrasound examinations are quick to perform - ANSWERSb) The patient's heel must be
immersed in liquid during the procedure
What is the name of the isotope that was used in SPA? - ANSWERSIodine-125
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel gray-level variations in lumbar spine DXA
images? - ANSWERSTBS- Measure bone texture
Type 2 primary osteoporosis occurs in? - ANSWERSGenerally after age 70
Radiation programs are designed to protect:
a) The patient
b) The technologist
c) The public
d) All the above - ANSWERSAll of the above
New bone is formed by? - ANSWERSOsteoblasts
Identify the incorrect statement from the following:
a) Caucasian and Asian are at increase risk of developing osteoporosis compared to other ethnic
groups
b) Women are at an increase risk of developing osteoporosis compared with men because they
achieve a lower peak bone mass and go through menopause
c) Smoking is recognized risk factor for the development of osteoporosis
d) Excessive consumption of alcohol does not affect your bones - ANSWERSd) Excessive
consumption of alcohol does not affect your bones
Answers 2025/2026
According to the WHO criteria, for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, based on the measurement of
bone density is _____ - ANSWERS2.5 SDs or more below the young adult peak bone density
Name the current gold standard technique for measuring bone density? - ANSWERSDXA
Cancellous bone is also known as what? - ANSWERSTrabecular bone
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that indicates the best visual indication
of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur? - ANSWERSLesser Trochanter
Which lumbar vertebrae is described as having a characteristic shape of an X or H on a DXA PA
Spine scan? - ANSWERSL4 (L1-3 U shape)
TRUE OR FALSE: Alendronate, Etidronate, Forteo and Zolendronic acid are all bisphosphonates?
- ANSWERSFALSE- Forteo is a parathyroid hormone medication
All of the following are true about QCT EXCEPT:
a) Measurements are volumetric rather than areal
b) Results are usually reported in g/cm squared
c) Trabecular bine can be isolated from cortical bone
d) Accuracy may be affected by marrow fat - ANSWERSb) Results are usually reported in g/cm
squared
,Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated for - ANSWERSScreening
What is the most important clinical consequence of osteoporosis? - ANSWERS-Fracture
What is the name of the tool that integrates clinical information in a quantitative manner to
predict 1- year probability of major osteoporotic fracture for both men and women? -
ANSWERSFRAX (score)
What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice? - ANSWERSTechnologist
What percentage of trabecular bone (also known as compact bone) makes up the skeleton? -
ANSWERS20%
The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of therapy for osteoporosis because_____ -
ANSWERSRate of change in BMD in too slow
Which of the following does not help in achieving peak bone mass?
a) Adequate calcium and vitamin D
b) Exercise
c) Normal Puberty
d) Corticosteroids - ANSWERSd) Corticosteroids
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? - ANSWERSProximal Forearm- 99%
Which of the following statements is false concerning QUS advantages over xray methodologies
for BMD measurement?
a) Ultrasound is comparatively inexpensive
b) The patient's heel must be immersed in liquid during the procedure
, c) Patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
d) Ultrasound examinations are quick to perform - ANSWERSb) The patient's heel must be
immersed in liquid during the procedure
What is the name of the isotope that was used in SPA? - ANSWERSIodine-125
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel gray-level variations in lumbar spine DXA
images? - ANSWERSTBS- Measure bone texture
Type 2 primary osteoporosis occurs in? - ANSWERSGenerally after age 70
Radiation programs are designed to protect:
a) The patient
b) The technologist
c) The public
d) All the above - ANSWERSAll of the above
New bone is formed by? - ANSWERSOsteoblasts
Identify the incorrect statement from the following:
a) Caucasian and Asian are at increase risk of developing osteoporosis compared to other ethnic
groups
b) Women are at an increase risk of developing osteoporosis compared with men because they
achieve a lower peak bone mass and go through menopause
c) Smoking is recognized risk factor for the development of osteoporosis
d) Excessive consumption of alcohol does not affect your bones - ANSWERSd) Excessive
consumption of alcohol does not affect your bones
