NURS180 – Midterm Exam
what is an isotonic solution? ANS: the cell has the same concentration on the inside as it does on the
outside
what does it mean when the osmotic pressure is the same? ANS: isotonic solution - CELLS WILL NOT
SHRINK OR SWELL
what is a HYPOtonic solution? ANS: cell has a low amount of solute outside the cell (extracellular), and it
wants to shift fluids into the cell (intracellular)
what will HYPOtonic solution cause? ANS: CELL SWELLING
what is a HYPERtonic solution? ANS: cell is in a solution that has an excessive amount of solute (what is
dissolved in a solution) extracellularly
what will a HYPERtonic solution cause? ANS: water to rush out of the cell (intracellularly) to the
extracellular area (outside the cell), which will cause the CELL TO SHRINK
what happens as a result of rapid shifts in fluids and electrolytes? ANS: REMEMBER...RAPID SHIFTS IN
FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES KILL
what are crystalloids? ANS: isotonic solutions
these solutions easily flow from the bloodstream to the cells and tissues
used to replace fluids and promote urine output
what are colloids? ANS: always HYPERtonic
used when patient needs a volume expander
these stay in intravascular space
what is an IV therapy complication? ANS: fluid volume overload
what is the purpose of sodium? ANS: attracts fluid
, "where sodium goes, water follows"
what is important about water intoxication? ANS: REMEMBER...RAPID SHIFTS IN ELECTROLYTES KILL
what are s/s of HYPOcalcemia? ANS: calcium - Trousseau's Signs
Chvostek's Signs
what are s/s of HYPERphosphatemia? ANS: Trousseau's Signs
Chvostek's Signs
what is a high-ceiling loop diuretic? ANS: furosemide (Lasix)
what are therapeutic uses of furosemide (Lasix)? ANS: used when there is an emergent need for rapid
mobilization of fluid
pulmonary edema
what are complications of furosemide (Lasix)? ANS: dehydration
hypokalemia
what is a thiazide diuretic? ANS: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
what are therapeutic uses for HCTZ? ANS: med of first choice for essential hypertension
what are complications of HCTZ? ANS: dehydration
hypokalemia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
what is a potassium-sparing diuretic? ANS: spironolactone
what are therapeutic uses of potassium-sparing diuretic? ANS: combined w/ other diuretics (Loop and
Thiazide) for potassium-sparing effects to treat hypertension and edema
what are complications of potassium-sparing diuretics? ANS: hyperkalemia
what is an isotonic solution? ANS: the cell has the same concentration on the inside as it does on the
outside
what does it mean when the osmotic pressure is the same? ANS: isotonic solution - CELLS WILL NOT
SHRINK OR SWELL
what is a HYPOtonic solution? ANS: cell has a low amount of solute outside the cell (extracellular), and it
wants to shift fluids into the cell (intracellular)
what will HYPOtonic solution cause? ANS: CELL SWELLING
what is a HYPERtonic solution? ANS: cell is in a solution that has an excessive amount of solute (what is
dissolved in a solution) extracellularly
what will a HYPERtonic solution cause? ANS: water to rush out of the cell (intracellularly) to the
extracellular area (outside the cell), which will cause the CELL TO SHRINK
what happens as a result of rapid shifts in fluids and electrolytes? ANS: REMEMBER...RAPID SHIFTS IN
FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES KILL
what are crystalloids? ANS: isotonic solutions
these solutions easily flow from the bloodstream to the cells and tissues
used to replace fluids and promote urine output
what are colloids? ANS: always HYPERtonic
used when patient needs a volume expander
these stay in intravascular space
what is an IV therapy complication? ANS: fluid volume overload
what is the purpose of sodium? ANS: attracts fluid
, "where sodium goes, water follows"
what is important about water intoxication? ANS: REMEMBER...RAPID SHIFTS IN ELECTROLYTES KILL
what are s/s of HYPOcalcemia? ANS: calcium - Trousseau's Signs
Chvostek's Signs
what are s/s of HYPERphosphatemia? ANS: Trousseau's Signs
Chvostek's Signs
what is a high-ceiling loop diuretic? ANS: furosemide (Lasix)
what are therapeutic uses of furosemide (Lasix)? ANS: used when there is an emergent need for rapid
mobilization of fluid
pulmonary edema
what are complications of furosemide (Lasix)? ANS: dehydration
hypokalemia
what is a thiazide diuretic? ANS: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
what are therapeutic uses for HCTZ? ANS: med of first choice for essential hypertension
what are complications of HCTZ? ANS: dehydration
hypokalemia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
what is a potassium-sparing diuretic? ANS: spironolactone
what are therapeutic uses of potassium-sparing diuretic? ANS: combined w/ other diuretics (Loop and
Thiazide) for potassium-sparing effects to treat hypertension and edema
what are complications of potassium-sparing diuretics? ANS: hyperkalemia
