BIO 168 Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Skin layers from top to bottom - ✔✔Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidem, Stratum
granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale
Epidermis (surface) - ✔✔keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, made of
keratinocytes - produce fibrous protein keratin and also made of melanocytes that
produce melanin, epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans) and tactile cells (Merkel)
Dermis (middle) - ✔✔strong, flexible connective tissue that is made mostly of
fibroblasts and macrophages as well as occasionally mast cells and WBCs, 2 layers - thin
papillary layer (vascular) and thicker reticular layer (strength)
Hypodermis (deep) - ✔✔subcutaneous layer, mostly adipose tissue
What gives us our skin color? - ✔✔melanin - yellow to reddish-brown to black
pigments give diversity to skin colors
What are the four appendages of the skin? - ✔✔hairs and hair follicles, nails, sweat
glands and oil glands
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, What is the function of the hair appendage? - ✔✔alerting the body to the presence of
insects on skin, guarding scalp against trauma, heat loss and sunlight
What is the function of the nails appendage? - ✔✔protect the end of fingers/toes from
injury, allow ability to pick up objects, support tips
What is the function of the sweat glands appendage? - ✔✔apocrine - sexually
stimulated scent glands, eccrine - most common sweat gland, thermoregulation,
mammary glands in females secrete milk (modified apocrine)
What are the functions of skin? - ✔✔Protection, body temperature regulation,
cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion
Basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and
hypodermis, least malignant, most common
Squamus cell carcinoma - ✔✔keratinocytes of stratum spinosum proliferate forming
lesions most often on head
Melanoma - ✔✔melanocytes proliferate and rapidly metastasize, most dangerous
What is the ABCD rule? - ✔✔asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter
What are the two big concerns with burns? - ✔✔immediate threat (dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance leading to renal shutdown and circulatory shock) and the farther
threat (infection of the area)
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Answers 100% Pass
Skin layers from top to bottom - ✔✔Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidem, Stratum
granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale
Epidermis (surface) - ✔✔keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, made of
keratinocytes - produce fibrous protein keratin and also made of melanocytes that
produce melanin, epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans) and tactile cells (Merkel)
Dermis (middle) - ✔✔strong, flexible connective tissue that is made mostly of
fibroblasts and macrophages as well as occasionally mast cells and WBCs, 2 layers - thin
papillary layer (vascular) and thicker reticular layer (strength)
Hypodermis (deep) - ✔✔subcutaneous layer, mostly adipose tissue
What gives us our skin color? - ✔✔melanin - yellow to reddish-brown to black
pigments give diversity to skin colors
What are the four appendages of the skin? - ✔✔hairs and hair follicles, nails, sweat
glands and oil glands
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, What is the function of the hair appendage? - ✔✔alerting the body to the presence of
insects on skin, guarding scalp against trauma, heat loss and sunlight
What is the function of the nails appendage? - ✔✔protect the end of fingers/toes from
injury, allow ability to pick up objects, support tips
What is the function of the sweat glands appendage? - ✔✔apocrine - sexually
stimulated scent glands, eccrine - most common sweat gland, thermoregulation,
mammary glands in females secrete milk (modified apocrine)
What are the functions of skin? - ✔✔Protection, body temperature regulation,
cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion
Basal cell carcinoma - ✔✔stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and
hypodermis, least malignant, most common
Squamus cell carcinoma - ✔✔keratinocytes of stratum spinosum proliferate forming
lesions most often on head
Melanoma - ✔✔melanocytes proliferate and rapidly metastasize, most dangerous
What is the ABCD rule? - ✔✔asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter
What are the two big concerns with burns? - ✔✔immediate threat (dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance leading to renal shutdown and circulatory shock) and the farther
threat (infection of the area)
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