TOPIC 4 Target Hardening Zero tolerance
- making it harder to commit crime will reduce the - urban myth, success of zero tolerance was just a
rewards and act as a deterrent.
product of the police and gov. way of coping with
Right realism declining crime
- sees crime as a growing problem that destroys
communities, undermines social cohesion and Rational Choice theory
threatens society s work ethic - Right realists argue that crime comes from Policing and control
- Critise other theories for failing to offer any rational choice theory which assumes that - Kinsey, Lea and Young argue that police clear up
practical solutions to rising crime individuals have free will and power for a rates are too low to act as a deterrence to crime
- Labelling is too sympathetic to the criminal reason and that police spend too little time actually
- Right realists are less concerned to understand - Crime is committed based on rational investigating crime. Police depend on public info
the causes of crime and more concerned with calculations and likely consequences - However police are losing support and so unable to
solutions solve more crimes
- If the rewards of crime are outweighed by - Left realists argue that policing must therefore be
the costs of crime, or if the rewards of crime made more accountable to local relationships and
Socialisation & underclass are outweighed by non-criminal behaviour deal with local concerns
- Murray crime rate is increasing because of then more likely to commit crime - Crime control cannot be left to the police only
growing underclass or new rabble that is - Multi-agency approach is needed, this would
de ned by their deviant behaviour and those involve agencies like the local councils
who fail to socialise children properly Tackling crime
- Lone mothers are ineffective socialisation - Right realists do not believe it is fruitful to try
agents especially for boys. to deal with the causes of crime since these Late modernity , exclusion
- Absent fathers mean boys lack male role cannot be changed easily
- Young says we are now living in a late modern
model and so young males to turn to crime - They devise practical measures to make it
- Underclass is not only a source a crime, its society, Instability, insecurity & exclusion is making
look unattractive
crime worse
very existence threatens society s cohesion by - Their main focus is on control and
undermining the value of hard work. - The previous society Golden age was stable, full
containment and punishment of the offenders
employment and lower crime rates
instead of eliminating the underlying causes
- Cultural inclusion, = was promoted by media
of crime
saturated late modern society, even the poor have
Biological differences
access to the medias materialistic msgs
- Wilson and Herrnstein put biosocial, in their - Wilson and Kelling Broken window theory
- There is also a great emphasis on free time and
argue that it is essential to maintain orderly
view crime is cause by biological and social leisure
character in neighbourhoods
functions - Youngs contrasting ideas of cultural inclusion and
- Biological diff. Between some people innately - Zero tolerance policy in neighbourhoods
economic exclusion is similar to Mertons idea of
towards undesirable behaviour
more strongly predisposed to commit crime anomie, society creates crime by setting cultural
- Crime is caused by low intelligence - Crime prevention should reduce rewards and
goals while denying ppl opportunity to achieve
increase costs of crime
them through legitimate means.
fi
’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’’
- making it harder to commit crime will reduce the - urban myth, success of zero tolerance was just a
rewards and act as a deterrent.
product of the police and gov. way of coping with
Right realism declining crime
- sees crime as a growing problem that destroys
communities, undermines social cohesion and Rational Choice theory
threatens society s work ethic - Right realists argue that crime comes from Policing and control
- Critise other theories for failing to offer any rational choice theory which assumes that - Kinsey, Lea and Young argue that police clear up
practical solutions to rising crime individuals have free will and power for a rates are too low to act as a deterrence to crime
- Labelling is too sympathetic to the criminal reason and that police spend too little time actually
- Right realists are less concerned to understand - Crime is committed based on rational investigating crime. Police depend on public info
the causes of crime and more concerned with calculations and likely consequences - However police are losing support and so unable to
solutions solve more crimes
- If the rewards of crime are outweighed by - Left realists argue that policing must therefore be
the costs of crime, or if the rewards of crime made more accountable to local relationships and
Socialisation & underclass are outweighed by non-criminal behaviour deal with local concerns
- Murray crime rate is increasing because of then more likely to commit crime - Crime control cannot be left to the police only
growing underclass or new rabble that is - Multi-agency approach is needed, this would
de ned by their deviant behaviour and those involve agencies like the local councils
who fail to socialise children properly Tackling crime
- Lone mothers are ineffective socialisation - Right realists do not believe it is fruitful to try
agents especially for boys. to deal with the causes of crime since these Late modernity , exclusion
- Absent fathers mean boys lack male role cannot be changed easily
- Young says we are now living in a late modern
model and so young males to turn to crime - They devise practical measures to make it
- Underclass is not only a source a crime, its society, Instability, insecurity & exclusion is making
look unattractive
crime worse
very existence threatens society s cohesion by - Their main focus is on control and
undermining the value of hard work. - The previous society Golden age was stable, full
containment and punishment of the offenders
employment and lower crime rates
instead of eliminating the underlying causes
- Cultural inclusion, = was promoted by media
of crime
saturated late modern society, even the poor have
Biological differences
access to the medias materialistic msgs
- Wilson and Herrnstein put biosocial, in their - Wilson and Kelling Broken window theory
- There is also a great emphasis on free time and
argue that it is essential to maintain orderly
view crime is cause by biological and social leisure
character in neighbourhoods
functions - Youngs contrasting ideas of cultural inclusion and
- Biological diff. Between some people innately - Zero tolerance policy in neighbourhoods
economic exclusion is similar to Mertons idea of
towards undesirable behaviour
more strongly predisposed to commit crime anomie, society creates crime by setting cultural
- Crime is caused by low intelligence - Crime prevention should reduce rewards and
goals while denying ppl opportunity to achieve
increase costs of crime
them through legitimate means.
fi
’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’’
