HPEX 310 VCU Exam 2
Nutrition correct answersThe study of food and nutrients---their digestion,
absorption, metabolism, ad their effect on health and disease
Nutrients correct answersSubstances in food that provide nourishment; they
are needed to support body function and maintain health.
Three major functions of nutrients in the body correct
answersProviding energy, supporting growth and development, and
regulating metabolism.
Two major groups of nutrients correct answersMacronutrients and
Micronutrients
Macronutrients correct answersNutrients that are required in relatively
large amounts (more than a few grams per day), provide energy for the
body
Examples of Macronutrients correct answersCarbohydrates, proteins, fats,
and waters Kilocalories correct answersThe energy contained in foods
Carbohydrates correct answersexist in two forms, simple and complex,
and serve several functions in the body
Simple carbohydrates correct answersA primary source of energy during
exercise, brain requires this for normal function, consists of chains of one or
two simple sugars. common types are glucose, fructose, and galactose
Glucose correct answersa key simple sugar because it plays major role as an
energy source for the body, stored in skeletal muscles and the liver as a
complex carbohydrate called glycogen
Complex Carbohydrates correct answersexist in several forms and includes
starches, glycogen, and fiber
Starches correct answerslong chains of glucose units that are
storage form of carbohydrates in plants
Fiber correct answersan undigestible carbohydrate found in plants
, Soluble fiber correct answersdissolves in water; found in legumes, oats,
psyllium, flaxseeds, and certain fruits and vegetables; attracts water and
forms a gel, it delays stomach emptying, which makes you feel full
Insoluble fiber correct answersadds bulk and passes through the
gastrointestinal tract largely intact; speeds up transit time, helping to
maintain regularity of bowel movements and reducing the rick of colon
cancer; found in whole grains, nuts, seeds, and certain vegetables and fruits
Lipids correct answersA class of compounds that do not readily dissolve in
water; these include fats,oils, and waxes
Fats correct answersmost common types of lipids found in foods and in
your body, an important important fuel source
Fatty Acid correct answersconsist of a small chain of carbon, hydrogen,
and a few oxygen atoms; body stores this in fat cells as triglycerides;
released into the bloodstream
Unsaturated Fatty Acids correct answersinclude monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids; found in plants (including nuts, seeds,
grains,and vegetable oils); are liquid at room temperature; more heart-
healthy
Essential fatty acids correct answerstwo polyunsaturated fatty acids
linoleum acid and alpha-linoleic acid) from your diet
Saturated fatty acids correct answerssolid at room temperature; found in
both animal (meat and diary) and plant (coconut and palm oil); increase
blood levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
Phospholipids correct answersvital components of cell membranes and play
a key role in emulsification
Protein correct answersMajor part of lean tissue, totaling 17-20% of body
weight Amino Acids correct answersbasic structural units of proteins;20
different types of this
Essential Amino Acids correct answers9 types of this acid; body cannot make
them and they must be consumed in the diet
Nonessential Amino Acids correct answers11 types of this acid; signifying
that the body can synthesize them in adequate amounts
Complete Proteins correct answersalso called whole proteins or high-
quality proteins; contain all of the essential amino acids and are present
only in animal foods and soy products
Nutrition correct answersThe study of food and nutrients---their digestion,
absorption, metabolism, ad their effect on health and disease
Nutrients correct answersSubstances in food that provide nourishment; they
are needed to support body function and maintain health.
Three major functions of nutrients in the body correct
answersProviding energy, supporting growth and development, and
regulating metabolism.
Two major groups of nutrients correct answersMacronutrients and
Micronutrients
Macronutrients correct answersNutrients that are required in relatively
large amounts (more than a few grams per day), provide energy for the
body
Examples of Macronutrients correct answersCarbohydrates, proteins, fats,
and waters Kilocalories correct answersThe energy contained in foods
Carbohydrates correct answersexist in two forms, simple and complex,
and serve several functions in the body
Simple carbohydrates correct answersA primary source of energy during
exercise, brain requires this for normal function, consists of chains of one or
two simple sugars. common types are glucose, fructose, and galactose
Glucose correct answersa key simple sugar because it plays major role as an
energy source for the body, stored in skeletal muscles and the liver as a
complex carbohydrate called glycogen
Complex Carbohydrates correct answersexist in several forms and includes
starches, glycogen, and fiber
Starches correct answerslong chains of glucose units that are
storage form of carbohydrates in plants
Fiber correct answersan undigestible carbohydrate found in plants
, Soluble fiber correct answersdissolves in water; found in legumes, oats,
psyllium, flaxseeds, and certain fruits and vegetables; attracts water and
forms a gel, it delays stomach emptying, which makes you feel full
Insoluble fiber correct answersadds bulk and passes through the
gastrointestinal tract largely intact; speeds up transit time, helping to
maintain regularity of bowel movements and reducing the rick of colon
cancer; found in whole grains, nuts, seeds, and certain vegetables and fruits
Lipids correct answersA class of compounds that do not readily dissolve in
water; these include fats,oils, and waxes
Fats correct answersmost common types of lipids found in foods and in
your body, an important important fuel source
Fatty Acid correct answersconsist of a small chain of carbon, hydrogen,
and a few oxygen atoms; body stores this in fat cells as triglycerides;
released into the bloodstream
Unsaturated Fatty Acids correct answersinclude monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids; found in plants (including nuts, seeds,
grains,and vegetable oils); are liquid at room temperature; more heart-
healthy
Essential fatty acids correct answerstwo polyunsaturated fatty acids
linoleum acid and alpha-linoleic acid) from your diet
Saturated fatty acids correct answerssolid at room temperature; found in
both animal (meat and diary) and plant (coconut and palm oil); increase
blood levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
Phospholipids correct answersvital components of cell membranes and play
a key role in emulsification
Protein correct answersMajor part of lean tissue, totaling 17-20% of body
weight Amino Acids correct answersbasic structural units of proteins;20
different types of this
Essential Amino Acids correct answers9 types of this acid; body cannot make
them and they must be consumed in the diet
Nonessential Amino Acids correct answers11 types of this acid; signifying
that the body can synthesize them in adequate amounts
Complete Proteins correct answersalso called whole proteins or high-
quality proteins; contain all of the essential amino acids and are present
only in animal foods and soy products
