,CHAPTER 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES E4
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research
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are similar and how they differ.
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Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
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Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions b
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etween the two kinds of research.
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Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
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Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just on
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e study on a research question.
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Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; des
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cribe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about
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scientific news.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE E4
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
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a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire e4 e4 e4
b. Applying a new therapy technique e4 e4 e4 e4
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
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d. Undergoing a brain scan e4 e4 e4
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
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a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
b. Consenting to participate in a research study e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
c. Attending a psychological conference e4 e4 e4
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia
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ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose
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which of the following professions?
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a. A clinical psychologist
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b. An intervention program evaluator
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c. A political pollster
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d. An advertising executive
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ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All
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of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
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a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
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b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
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c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
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d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
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ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English tea
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cher and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the follo
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wing is an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
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a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
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b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
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c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
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d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
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ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
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.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-
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Data Cycle OBJ:e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.2 e4 e4
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
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.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.2 e4 e4
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.2 e4 e4
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundam
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ental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and compete
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nce. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier
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and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related a
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nd competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thi
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nks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not bei
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ng evaluated.
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Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is
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an example of which of the following?
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a. A theory e4
b. A hypothesis e4
c. Data
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES E4
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
are similar and how they differ.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions b
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etween the two kinds of research.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just on
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
e study on a research question.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; des
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
cribe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
scientific news.
e4 e4
MULTIPLE CHOICE E4
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
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a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire e4 e4 e4
b. Applying a new therapy technique e4 e4 e4 e4
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
d. Undergoing a brain scan e4 e4 e4
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
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a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
b. Consenting to participate in a research study e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
c. Attending a psychological conference e4 e4 e4
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
which of the following professions?
e4 e4 e4 e4
a. A clinical psychologist
e4 e4
b. An intervention program evaluator
e4 e4 e4
c. A political pollster
e4 e4
d. An advertising executive
e4 e4
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
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a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English tea
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
cher and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the follo
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
wing is an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 e4 e4
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
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.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-
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Data Cycle OBJ:e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.2 e4 e4
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
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.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.2 e4 e4
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: e4
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
Learning Objective 1.2 e4 e4
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundam
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
ental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and compete
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
nce. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related a
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
nd competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thi
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
nks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not bei
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
ng evaluated.
e4
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is
e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4 e4
an example of which of the following?
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a. A theory e4
b. A hypothesis e4
c. Data
