GLY 1102 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Huayangosaurus had osteoscutes that were embedded in the skin, forming rows
from the head to the tail, arranged primarily on the upper flanks. - ✔✔false
✔✔Kentrosaurus has a large hollow in two sacral vertebrae that has been mistakenly
interpreted as the location of a second brain. - ✔✔true
✔✔Stegosaurs first appeared during Late Jurassic. - ✔✔false
✔✔Scutellosaurus is considered a primitive thyreophoran partially because it has a
large number of keeled osteoscutes. - ✔✔true
✔✔Which of these Stegosauria is the smallest? - ✔✔Scutellosaurus
✔✔The Thyreophora is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. - ✔✔true
✔✔The pairs of terminal tail spines and the pointed parascapular spines in other
stegosaurs seem to have been the main means of defense. - ✔✔true
✔✔The only Stegosaur to have remains indicating some herding behavior is _____. -
✔✔Kentrosaurus
✔✔None of the Stegosauridae family have plate-like osteoderms across the back,
sacrum, and tail. - ✔✔false
✔✔Stegosaurus had osteoderms/osteoscutes covering portions of its neck. - ✔✔true
✔✔Stegosaurus has never been found buried in the same deposit as Allosaurus. -
✔✔false
✔✔Which of the following groups was represented by the fewest number of species? -
✔✔the stegosaurs
✔✔The _____ have one or more rows of armored plates (or osteoscutes) set in the skin
above or along the vertebral column and a post-orbital process of the jugal bone
expanded transversely. - ✔✔Stegosauria
✔✔Which of the following is considered to represent the base of the thyreophoran
family tree? - ✔✔Scutellosaurus
,✔✔This Asian stegosaur is the type genus of the family bearing its name and has spike-
shaped armor along the body midline and rows of armor plates along each side of the
spike row. - ✔✔Huayangosaurus
✔✔The Stegosauria have been found only in North America. - ✔✔false
✔✔Which statement about Stegosaurus is false? - ✔✔it has a high skull
✔✔The plates of Stegosaurus are aligned in a single row along the midline. - ✔✔false
✔✔Panoplosaurus was the first ankylosaurus to be described from North America. -
✔✔false
✔✔The differences in width of ankylosaurid beaks may be related to differences in the
types of foliage and fruit in their diets. - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs have a large, armored head and a relatively long, thick neck. - ✔✔false
✔✔Which of the follow about the Polacanthidae is false? - ✔✔they have a tail club,
fused sacral armor covers the hips
✔✔Most ankylosaurs weighed 3000 to 4000 kg - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs have batteries of teeth that form large rasping surfaces. - ✔✔false
✔✔The oldest ankylosaurs come from the Middle Jurassic and survived to the end of
the Cretaceous. - ✔✔true
✔✔Mymoorapelta resembles a combination between an Ankylosaurus and Nodosaurus.
- ✔✔false
✔✔Nodosaurus is about 5.5 m long and the entire body was covered by bony plates
that formed a thick continuous covering over the torso. - ✔✔true
✔✔Panoplosaurus lacks tall spines as part of its armor but has a relatively wide skull. -
✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus are members of a North American clade of
anyklosaurs. - ✔✔true
✔✔The skulls of this family of ankylosaurs are narrow (pear-shaped from above), longer
than the width and lacks horns on the rear corners. - ✔✔Nodosauridae
, ✔✔All the tail vertebrae of the Ankylosaurus tail were fused together stiffening the entire
tail. - ✔✔false
✔✔Ankylosaurids exhibit differences in their beaks, in some the beak is scoop-shaped
and relatively narrow, but in others, the beak is broad. - ✔✔true
✔✔Gastonia, the "walking hedge of thorns", is a member of the family of ankylosaurs. -
✔✔Polacanthidae
✔✔Polacanthids are medium to large (e.g. Gastonia), and occurred primarily in the
Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Europe and North America. - ✔✔true
✔✔Only the fenestrae of ankylosaurs were unarmored. - ✔✔false
✔✔The ankylosauridae, or ankylosaurids, are armored dinosaurs having a large club of
bone on the end of the tail. - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs were quadrupeds with a lowly held head, indicating that they were low
browsers. - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs were small-to-relatively large, bipedal, carnivorous, ornithischian
dinosaurs. - ✔✔false
✔✔This group of dinosaurs was remarkably defenseless but nevertheless very diverse
and abundant - ✔✔hadrosaurines
✔✔The short forelimbs of this famous Late Cretaceous dinosaur had hands bearing
only two fingers - ✔✔Tyrannosaurus
✔✔John Ostrum's discovery and description of this dinosaur challenged prior ideas
about the nature of dinosaur behavior and posture and led to increased interest about
characteristics of the once living dinosaur. - ✔✔Deinonychus
✔✔Which of the following statements about ornithopods is false - ✔✔they were never
very abundant or diverse
✔✔This African stegosaur offered rare evidence for group behavior in the Stegosauria -
✔✔Kentrosaurus
✔✔The greatest abundance of ornithopods was during the _____ geologic period. -
✔✔Late Cretaceous
SOLUTIONS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Huayangosaurus had osteoscutes that were embedded in the skin, forming rows
from the head to the tail, arranged primarily on the upper flanks. - ✔✔false
✔✔Kentrosaurus has a large hollow in two sacral vertebrae that has been mistakenly
interpreted as the location of a second brain. - ✔✔true
✔✔Stegosaurs first appeared during Late Jurassic. - ✔✔false
✔✔Scutellosaurus is considered a primitive thyreophoran partially because it has a
large number of keeled osteoscutes. - ✔✔true
✔✔Which of these Stegosauria is the smallest? - ✔✔Scutellosaurus
✔✔The Thyreophora is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. - ✔✔true
✔✔The pairs of terminal tail spines and the pointed parascapular spines in other
stegosaurs seem to have been the main means of defense. - ✔✔true
✔✔The only Stegosaur to have remains indicating some herding behavior is _____. -
✔✔Kentrosaurus
✔✔None of the Stegosauridae family have plate-like osteoderms across the back,
sacrum, and tail. - ✔✔false
✔✔Stegosaurus had osteoderms/osteoscutes covering portions of its neck. - ✔✔true
✔✔Stegosaurus has never been found buried in the same deposit as Allosaurus. -
✔✔false
✔✔Which of the following groups was represented by the fewest number of species? -
✔✔the stegosaurs
✔✔The _____ have one or more rows of armored plates (or osteoscutes) set in the skin
above or along the vertebral column and a post-orbital process of the jugal bone
expanded transversely. - ✔✔Stegosauria
✔✔Which of the following is considered to represent the base of the thyreophoran
family tree? - ✔✔Scutellosaurus
,✔✔This Asian stegosaur is the type genus of the family bearing its name and has spike-
shaped armor along the body midline and rows of armor plates along each side of the
spike row. - ✔✔Huayangosaurus
✔✔The Stegosauria have been found only in North America. - ✔✔false
✔✔Which statement about Stegosaurus is false? - ✔✔it has a high skull
✔✔The plates of Stegosaurus are aligned in a single row along the midline. - ✔✔false
✔✔Panoplosaurus was the first ankylosaurus to be described from North America. -
✔✔false
✔✔The differences in width of ankylosaurid beaks may be related to differences in the
types of foliage and fruit in their diets. - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs have a large, armored head and a relatively long, thick neck. - ✔✔false
✔✔Which of the follow about the Polacanthidae is false? - ✔✔they have a tail club,
fused sacral armor covers the hips
✔✔Most ankylosaurs weighed 3000 to 4000 kg - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs have batteries of teeth that form large rasping surfaces. - ✔✔false
✔✔The oldest ankylosaurs come from the Middle Jurassic and survived to the end of
the Cretaceous. - ✔✔true
✔✔Mymoorapelta resembles a combination between an Ankylosaurus and Nodosaurus.
- ✔✔false
✔✔Nodosaurus is about 5.5 m long and the entire body was covered by bony plates
that formed a thick continuous covering over the torso. - ✔✔true
✔✔Panoplosaurus lacks tall spines as part of its armor but has a relatively wide skull. -
✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus are members of a North American clade of
anyklosaurs. - ✔✔true
✔✔The skulls of this family of ankylosaurs are narrow (pear-shaped from above), longer
than the width and lacks horns on the rear corners. - ✔✔Nodosauridae
, ✔✔All the tail vertebrae of the Ankylosaurus tail were fused together stiffening the entire
tail. - ✔✔false
✔✔Ankylosaurids exhibit differences in their beaks, in some the beak is scoop-shaped
and relatively narrow, but in others, the beak is broad. - ✔✔true
✔✔Gastonia, the "walking hedge of thorns", is a member of the family of ankylosaurs. -
✔✔Polacanthidae
✔✔Polacanthids are medium to large (e.g. Gastonia), and occurred primarily in the
Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Europe and North America. - ✔✔true
✔✔Only the fenestrae of ankylosaurs were unarmored. - ✔✔false
✔✔The ankylosauridae, or ankylosaurids, are armored dinosaurs having a large club of
bone on the end of the tail. - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs were quadrupeds with a lowly held head, indicating that they were low
browsers. - ✔✔true
✔✔Ankylosaurs were small-to-relatively large, bipedal, carnivorous, ornithischian
dinosaurs. - ✔✔false
✔✔This group of dinosaurs was remarkably defenseless but nevertheless very diverse
and abundant - ✔✔hadrosaurines
✔✔The short forelimbs of this famous Late Cretaceous dinosaur had hands bearing
only two fingers - ✔✔Tyrannosaurus
✔✔John Ostrum's discovery and description of this dinosaur challenged prior ideas
about the nature of dinosaur behavior and posture and led to increased interest about
characteristics of the once living dinosaur. - ✔✔Deinonychus
✔✔Which of the following statements about ornithopods is false - ✔✔they were never
very abundant or diverse
✔✔This African stegosaur offered rare evidence for group behavior in the Stegosauria -
✔✔Kentrosaurus
✔✔The greatest abundance of ornithopods was during the _____ geologic period. -
✔✔Late Cretaceous
