NSG 255 Orthopedics, Osteoporosis, And
Hip Fractures Exam Study Set
what is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system? - ANSWER -support and movement
-protection of organs
-mineral storage (Ca++ and PO4) which helps with fluid and electrolyte balance
-hemopoietic system (blood cell formation)
bone cells: what are osteoblasts and who has more? - ANSWER builders that make new
bone; young people have more
bone cells: what are the osteocytes? - ANSWER mature bone cells
bone cells: what are the osteoclasts? - ANSWER crushers that destroy and reform bone;
old people have more
what do we call the place two bones come together? - ANSWER articulation
what type of joint is fixed and immovable? it is found in the skull and sternum - ANSWER
synarthroses (its a sin to move this joint)
what type of joints have slight movement, but movement is limited? it is found in the
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis - ANSWER amphiarthroses (amp the music up
and I'll be swinging my hips/pelvis)
what type of joints are freely movable, packed with fluid between synovial joints and
found in the limbs, shoulders, elbow, fingers, hips, and knees? - ANSWER diarthroses -
you need your movable joints to walk through diagon alley
where are the ball and socket joints? - ANSWER shoulder and hip
where are the plane joints? - ANSWER wrist and foot
where are the hinge joints? - ANSWER knee and elbow
where are the condyloid joints? - ANSWER wrist between radial and carpal bones
what is special about the diarthrosis joints? - ANSWER the outer layer fuses with
periosteum of bone; they contain a fibrous membrane
the inner layer holds the synovial membrane, there is no blood or lymph vessels,
synovial fluid for shock and lubrication
what is a pivot joint? - ANSWER atlas and axis
, what is found at the end of bones? - ANSWER cartilage; smooth and gel-like, provides
support
what is the bursa? - ANSWER -sacs or cavities containing synovial fluid
-protects and cushions
-found near and surrounding joints
which connective tissue attaches bone to bone and surround joints? - ANSWER
ligaments
which collagen connective tissue attaches muscle to bone? - ANSWER tendons
name the surgery that either completely or partially replaces the joint - ANSWER
arthroplasty
name the surgery that removes the synovial membrane only - it is an elective surgery for
palliative or preventative purposes - ANSWER synovectomy
name of surgery that cuts into bone and resects it which is supposed to correct a
deformity or relieve pain - ANSWER osteotomy
remember photo of tibial wedge removed, YUCK
name of surgery done to decrease joint deformity and increase function; teacher calls it
a "nip tuck" - ANSWER tendon reassignment
surgery to fuse joints by fusing 2 bones to decrease pain and increase function -
ANSWER arthrodesis
surgery for carpal tunnel; resection of metatarsals heads; inflammation leads to the
trapped nerves - ANSWER nerve release
*note the surgery will need re-done because cut nerves regenerate (even though nerve
damage cannot fix itself)
what is important in post op care after ortho surgery? - ANSWER 5 P's
pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis
discharge plans include home safety
care differs by joint; physical therapy differs by joint
positioning to reduce edema and promote healing
a break in the continuity of the bone - ANSWER fracture
occurs when stress placed on bone is greater than the bone can absorb
majority are caused by trauma but some are due to secondary causes or disease
Hip Fractures Exam Study Set
what is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system? - ANSWER -support and movement
-protection of organs
-mineral storage (Ca++ and PO4) which helps with fluid and electrolyte balance
-hemopoietic system (blood cell formation)
bone cells: what are osteoblasts and who has more? - ANSWER builders that make new
bone; young people have more
bone cells: what are the osteocytes? - ANSWER mature bone cells
bone cells: what are the osteoclasts? - ANSWER crushers that destroy and reform bone;
old people have more
what do we call the place two bones come together? - ANSWER articulation
what type of joint is fixed and immovable? it is found in the skull and sternum - ANSWER
synarthroses (its a sin to move this joint)
what type of joints have slight movement, but movement is limited? it is found in the
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis - ANSWER amphiarthroses (amp the music up
and I'll be swinging my hips/pelvis)
what type of joints are freely movable, packed with fluid between synovial joints and
found in the limbs, shoulders, elbow, fingers, hips, and knees? - ANSWER diarthroses -
you need your movable joints to walk through diagon alley
where are the ball and socket joints? - ANSWER shoulder and hip
where are the plane joints? - ANSWER wrist and foot
where are the hinge joints? - ANSWER knee and elbow
where are the condyloid joints? - ANSWER wrist between radial and carpal bones
what is special about the diarthrosis joints? - ANSWER the outer layer fuses with
periosteum of bone; they contain a fibrous membrane
the inner layer holds the synovial membrane, there is no blood or lymph vessels,
synovial fluid for shock and lubrication
what is a pivot joint? - ANSWER atlas and axis
, what is found at the end of bones? - ANSWER cartilage; smooth and gel-like, provides
support
what is the bursa? - ANSWER -sacs or cavities containing synovial fluid
-protects and cushions
-found near and surrounding joints
which connective tissue attaches bone to bone and surround joints? - ANSWER
ligaments
which collagen connective tissue attaches muscle to bone? - ANSWER tendons
name the surgery that either completely or partially replaces the joint - ANSWER
arthroplasty
name the surgery that removes the synovial membrane only - it is an elective surgery for
palliative or preventative purposes - ANSWER synovectomy
name of surgery that cuts into bone and resects it which is supposed to correct a
deformity or relieve pain - ANSWER osteotomy
remember photo of tibial wedge removed, YUCK
name of surgery done to decrease joint deformity and increase function; teacher calls it
a "nip tuck" - ANSWER tendon reassignment
surgery to fuse joints by fusing 2 bones to decrease pain and increase function -
ANSWER arthrodesis
surgery for carpal tunnel; resection of metatarsals heads; inflammation leads to the
trapped nerves - ANSWER nerve release
*note the surgery will need re-done because cut nerves regenerate (even though nerve
damage cannot fix itself)
what is important in post op care after ortho surgery? - ANSWER 5 P's
pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis
discharge plans include home safety
care differs by joint; physical therapy differs by joint
positioning to reduce edema and promote healing
a break in the continuity of the bone - ANSWER fracture
occurs when stress placed on bone is greater than the bone can absorb
majority are caused by trauma but some are due to secondary causes or disease
