STUDY GUIDE UNIT 1 NU 545 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Cellular death: Types of Necrosis - Answer-Dry Gangrene
Apoptosis: programmed cellular deatg
ER stress results in apoptyic cell death
Is the active process of cellular destruction
Can occur normally or pathologically
Dysregulated apoptosis : is excessive or insufficient. Can lead to cancer, autoimmune
disorders, neurogenerative diseases and ischemic injury
A nurse remembers that aging is associated with - Answer-increased cross linking of
collagen
Ribosomes are nucleoproteins that : - Answer-are synthesized in the cytoplasm
The plasma membrane of a cell is - Answer-PERMEABLE to water soluble molecules'
movement INTO the cell
What does cellular communication do? - Answer-Maintains hemostasis, regulates
growth and division; coordinates functions
Neurotransmitters - Answer-Neurotransmitters relay their messages by traveling
between cells and attaching to specific receptors on target cells.
Each neurotransmitter attaches to a different receptor — for example, dopamine
molecules attach to dopamine receptors. When they attach, this triggers action in the
target cells.
After neurotransmitters deliver their messages, the body breaks down or recycles them.
Metabolism - Answer-energy using (chemical task that maintains essential cellular
functions
Catabolism - Answer-Energy releasing
Where does ATP come from? - Answer-ATP is created from the chemical energy
contained in organic molecules.
When molecules of carbohydrates, lipid and protein are catabolized, this energy is
transferred to ATP
ATP is used to - Answer-store energy
transfer energy
active transport of Na+ and K+ - Answer-Endocytosis - takin in
Exocytosis- expelling
, What is passive transport?
Membrane transport (Cellular Intake and Output) - Answer-Occurs when water and
small, electricity uncharged molecules move through pores.
Does not require energy.
What is active transport?
Membrane transport (Cellular Intake and Output) - Answer-Requires life, biologic
activity, and cell's expenditure of metabolic energy.
Occurs only across living membranes that flow uphill.
A nurse knows that active transport requires - Answer-Receptors capable of recognizing
and binding with specific molecules.
A nurse recalls depolarization occurs when the - Answer-voltage-required chanels open
and Na+ enters the cell.
A nurse recalls repolarization occurs when the - Answer-Na+ is removed from the cell
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-metaplasia
What is the relation between ischemia and ATP? - Answer-Ischemia also depletes
cellular ATP which inactivates ATPases (e.g., Na+/K+ ATPase), reduces active Ca2+
efflux, and limits the reuptake of calcium by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby
producing calcium overload in the cell.
What are the 4 phases of the mitosis? (cellular reproduction) - Answer-prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What is the rate of cellular division? - Answer-12-24 hours. Different rates occur in
different phases
Growth factors also called (cytokines) are what? - Answer-Platelet-derived growth factor
stimulates connective tissue growth
How is tissue formed? - Answer-cells make tissues into organs that turn into tracts or
systems
What are the different types of tissues? - Answer-muscle
neural
epithelia
connective
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Cellular death: Types of Necrosis - Answer-Dry Gangrene
Apoptosis: programmed cellular deatg
ER stress results in apoptyic cell death
Is the active process of cellular destruction
Can occur normally or pathologically
Dysregulated apoptosis : is excessive or insufficient. Can lead to cancer, autoimmune
disorders, neurogenerative diseases and ischemic injury
A nurse remembers that aging is associated with - Answer-increased cross linking of
collagen
Ribosomes are nucleoproteins that : - Answer-are synthesized in the cytoplasm
The plasma membrane of a cell is - Answer-PERMEABLE to water soluble molecules'
movement INTO the cell
What does cellular communication do? - Answer-Maintains hemostasis, regulates
growth and division; coordinates functions
Neurotransmitters - Answer-Neurotransmitters relay their messages by traveling
between cells and attaching to specific receptors on target cells.
Each neurotransmitter attaches to a different receptor — for example, dopamine
molecules attach to dopamine receptors. When they attach, this triggers action in the
target cells.
After neurotransmitters deliver their messages, the body breaks down or recycles them.
Metabolism - Answer-energy using (chemical task that maintains essential cellular
functions
Catabolism - Answer-Energy releasing
Where does ATP come from? - Answer-ATP is created from the chemical energy
contained in organic molecules.
When molecules of carbohydrates, lipid and protein are catabolized, this energy is
transferred to ATP
ATP is used to - Answer-store energy
transfer energy
active transport of Na+ and K+ - Answer-Endocytosis - takin in
Exocytosis- expelling
, What is passive transport?
Membrane transport (Cellular Intake and Output) - Answer-Occurs when water and
small, electricity uncharged molecules move through pores.
Does not require energy.
What is active transport?
Membrane transport (Cellular Intake and Output) - Answer-Requires life, biologic
activity, and cell's expenditure of metabolic energy.
Occurs only across living membranes that flow uphill.
A nurse knows that active transport requires - Answer-Receptors capable of recognizing
and binding with specific molecules.
A nurse recalls depolarization occurs when the - Answer-voltage-required chanels open
and Na+ enters the cell.
A nurse recalls repolarization occurs when the - Answer-Na+ is removed from the cell
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-metaplasia
What is the relation between ischemia and ATP? - Answer-Ischemia also depletes
cellular ATP which inactivates ATPases (e.g., Na+/K+ ATPase), reduces active Ca2+
efflux, and limits the reuptake of calcium by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby
producing calcium overload in the cell.
What are the 4 phases of the mitosis? (cellular reproduction) - Answer-prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What is the rate of cellular division? - Answer-12-24 hours. Different rates occur in
different phases
Growth factors also called (cytokines) are what? - Answer-Platelet-derived growth factor
stimulates connective tissue growth
How is tissue formed? - Answer-cells make tissues into organs that turn into tracts or
systems
What are the different types of tissues? - Answer-muscle
neural
epithelia
connective
