NR545-14176 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Bronchiolitis treatment - answer-is supportive and symptomatic, with monitoring of blood
gases in severe cases to ensure that oxygen levels are adequate. Respiratory syncytial
virus immunoglobulin serum or palivizumab, an rsv monoclonal antibody may be
administered to reduce the severity of infection, particularly in premature infants
The most common agents of pneumonia - answer-virus, bacterium, and fungus
Lobar pneumonia is usually bacterial - answer-the most common agent being a
pneumococcus, but other causative organisms include staphylococcus aureas and
legionella
In immune suppressed individuals, other organisms such as - answer-candida (fungus)
or pneumocystis carinii may cause pneumonia
Viral pneumonias cause pathophysiologic changes primarily in the interstitial tissue or
alveolar septae - answer-in other types, such as pneumococcal, the alveoli are inflamed
and filled with exudate, resulting in a solid mass in the lobe
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) pneumonia affects those with less resistance, the
elderly, the debilitated, the malnourished, or the immune suppressed - answer-most of
these infections result from gram negative organisms such as klebsiella pneumoniae or
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Community pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Aspiration pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Typical manifestations of pneumococcal pneumonia include the following: - answer-
sudden onset, systemic signs of high fever with chills, marked fatigue and leukocytosis,
dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, pleuritic pain with splinting or restriction of respiratory
expansion on the affected side, rales (heard initially over the affected lobe and then
disappearing as consolidation occurs, productive cough (with typcial rust colored
sputum, and confusion and disorientation if infection is severe or several lobes are
involved.
Lobar pneumonia occurs in all of one or two lobes and is caused by streptococcus
pneumoniae. It is characterized with inflammation of alveolar wall and leakage of cells,
fibrin, and fluid into the alveoli causing consolidation; pleura may be inflamed - answer-it
has a sudden onset and s/s include high fever and chills, productive cough with rusty
sputum, with rales progression to absence of breath sounds in affected lobes
, Bronchopneumonia occurs as scattered small patches, and is caused by multiple
bacteria. It is characterized with inflammation and purulent exudate in alveoli often
arising from prior pooled secretions or irritation - answer-it has a insidious onset and s/s
include mild fever, productive cough with yellow-green sputum and dyspnea
Intersitial penumonia occurs as scattered in small patches, and is caused by influenza
virus and mycoplasma. It is characterized with interstitial inflammation around alveoli
with necrosis of bronchial epithelium - answer-it has a variable onset and s/s include
variable fever, headache, aching muscle, and nonproductive hacking cough
Treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia involves administration of antibacterial
medications such as penicillin in combination with supportive measures such as fluids,
drugs to reduce fever, and oxygen. - answer-pneumococcal vaccine is recommended
particularly for the elderly and those at risk because of other disease
Children with congenital anomalies such as a cleft palate or tracheaesophagel fistula
are at risk for - answer-aspiration until surgical repair takes place
Adults frequently aspirate food or fluid, especially when combining eating with talking at
social events. - answer-alcohol intake depresses protective reflexes
Food causes total obstruction, the person cannot speak but may have time to gesture to
the chest or neck before falling unconscious. - answer-this could be interpreted as a
heart attack or coronary. It is important to sweep the mouth for any object and carry out
the heimlich maneuver before commencing cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Aspiration signs and symptoms: - answer-coughing and choking with marked dyspnea,
stridor and hoarseness are characteristic of upper airway obstruction, wheezing,
tachycardia and tachypnea, nasal flaring, chest retractions, and marked hypoxia, total
obstruction at the larynx or trachea prevents any sounds or cough from being produced;
a person may reach for the chest or neck area, and cardiac or respiratory arrest quickly
ensues
Sleep apnea results when the pharyngeal tissues collapse during sleep leading to
repeated and momentary cessation of breathing - answer-men are more often affected
than women, and the incidence increases with age and obesity (bmi >30)
Sleep apnea is usually diagnosed when the sleeping partner notes loud snoring with
intermittent gasps for air - answer-complications from sleep apnea are directly related to
chronic hypoxia and fatigue and include type 2 diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, right-
sided congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, erectile dysfunction,
depression, and daytime sleepiness. The individual is recommended to avoid sleeping
pills and alcohol. Sleeping supine predisposes to apnea
Sleep apnea treatment involves the use of continuous positive airway pump (cpap)
machine, which delivers humidified room air at a pressure that maintains an open
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Bronchiolitis treatment - answer-is supportive and symptomatic, with monitoring of blood
gases in severe cases to ensure that oxygen levels are adequate. Respiratory syncytial
virus immunoglobulin serum or palivizumab, an rsv monoclonal antibody may be
administered to reduce the severity of infection, particularly in premature infants
The most common agents of pneumonia - answer-virus, bacterium, and fungus
Lobar pneumonia is usually bacterial - answer-the most common agent being a
pneumococcus, but other causative organisms include staphylococcus aureas and
legionella
In immune suppressed individuals, other organisms such as - answer-candida (fungus)
or pneumocystis carinii may cause pneumonia
Viral pneumonias cause pathophysiologic changes primarily in the interstitial tissue or
alveolar septae - answer-in other types, such as pneumococcal, the alveoli are inflamed
and filled with exudate, resulting in a solid mass in the lobe
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) pneumonia affects those with less resistance, the
elderly, the debilitated, the malnourished, or the immune suppressed - answer-most of
these infections result from gram negative organisms such as klebsiella pneumoniae or
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Community pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Aspiration pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Typical manifestations of pneumococcal pneumonia include the following: - answer-
sudden onset, systemic signs of high fever with chills, marked fatigue and leukocytosis,
dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, pleuritic pain with splinting or restriction of respiratory
expansion on the affected side, rales (heard initially over the affected lobe and then
disappearing as consolidation occurs, productive cough (with typcial rust colored
sputum, and confusion and disorientation if infection is severe or several lobes are
involved.
Lobar pneumonia occurs in all of one or two lobes and is caused by streptococcus
pneumoniae. It is characterized with inflammation of alveolar wall and leakage of cells,
fibrin, and fluid into the alveoli causing consolidation; pleura may be inflamed - answer-it
has a sudden onset and s/s include high fever and chills, productive cough with rusty
sputum, with rales progression to absence of breath sounds in affected lobes
, Bronchopneumonia occurs as scattered small patches, and is caused by multiple
bacteria. It is characterized with inflammation and purulent exudate in alveoli often
arising from prior pooled secretions or irritation - answer-it has a insidious onset and s/s
include mild fever, productive cough with yellow-green sputum and dyspnea
Intersitial penumonia occurs as scattered in small patches, and is caused by influenza
virus and mycoplasma. It is characterized with interstitial inflammation around alveoli
with necrosis of bronchial epithelium - answer-it has a variable onset and s/s include
variable fever, headache, aching muscle, and nonproductive hacking cough
Treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia involves administration of antibacterial
medications such as penicillin in combination with supportive measures such as fluids,
drugs to reduce fever, and oxygen. - answer-pneumococcal vaccine is recommended
particularly for the elderly and those at risk because of other disease
Children with congenital anomalies such as a cleft palate or tracheaesophagel fistula
are at risk for - answer-aspiration until surgical repair takes place
Adults frequently aspirate food or fluid, especially when combining eating with talking at
social events. - answer-alcohol intake depresses protective reflexes
Food causes total obstruction, the person cannot speak but may have time to gesture to
the chest or neck before falling unconscious. - answer-this could be interpreted as a
heart attack or coronary. It is important to sweep the mouth for any object and carry out
the heimlich maneuver before commencing cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Aspiration signs and symptoms: - answer-coughing and choking with marked dyspnea,
stridor and hoarseness are characteristic of upper airway obstruction, wheezing,
tachycardia and tachypnea, nasal flaring, chest retractions, and marked hypoxia, total
obstruction at the larynx or trachea prevents any sounds or cough from being produced;
a person may reach for the chest or neck area, and cardiac or respiratory arrest quickly
ensues
Sleep apnea results when the pharyngeal tissues collapse during sleep leading to
repeated and momentary cessation of breathing - answer-men are more often affected
than women, and the incidence increases with age and obesity (bmi >30)
Sleep apnea is usually diagnosed when the sleeping partner notes loud snoring with
intermittent gasps for air - answer-complications from sleep apnea are directly related to
chronic hypoxia and fatigue and include type 2 diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, right-
sided congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, erectile dysfunction,
depression, and daytime sleepiness. The individual is recommended to avoid sleeping
pills and alcohol. Sleeping supine predisposes to apnea
Sleep apnea treatment involves the use of continuous positive airway pump (cpap)
machine, which delivers humidified room air at a pressure that maintains an open
